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Synonyms | 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl | Storage (From the date of receipt) |
3 years -20°C powder 1 years -80°C in solvent |
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化学式 | C4H11N5.HCl |
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分子量 | 165.62 | CAS No. | 1115-70-4 | ||||
Solubility (25°C)* | 体外 | Water (warmed with 50ºC water bath) | 33 mg/mL (199.25 mM) | ||||
DMSO | Insoluble | ||||||
Ethanol | Insoluble | ||||||
体内 (毎回新しく調製した物を用意してください) |
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* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. |
製品説明 | Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl) decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes primarily by suppressing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153. |
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in vitro | Metformin (500 μM) activates AMPK in hepatocytes, as a result, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity is reduced, fatty acid oxidation is induced, and expression of lipogenic enzymes is suppressed. Metformin (2 mM) activates muscle AMPK and promotes glucose uptake. Metformin (500 μM) or AICAR strongly suppresses SREBP-1 mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes. Metformin ameliorates hyperglycemia without stimulating insulin secretion, promoting weight gain, or causing hypoglycemia. Metformin has beneficial effects on circulating lipids linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and increases skeletal myocyte glucose uptake. [1] Metformin requires LKB1 in the liver to lower blood glucose levels. [2] Metformin (2 mM) leads to a significant increase in the activity of both α1- and α2-containing complexes in muscle cells. Metformin (2 mM) also increases threonine 172 phosphorylation in muscle cells. [3] |
in vivo | Metformin (100 mg/ml, po) treatment produces significant decreases in hepatic expression of mRNAs for SREBP-1, FAS, and S14 in SD rats that are consistent with effects documented in cells. Metformin also decreases hepatic lipids in obese mice. [1] Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) increases AMPK phosphorylation in livers of wild-type mice. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment reduces blood glucose by more than 50% in the wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment also loweres blood glucose in the ob/ob mice by 40%. [2] |
細胞アッセイ | 細胞株 | Rat primary hepatocytes |
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濃度 | 500 µM | |
反応時間 | 1 h | |
実験の流れ | Cells were treated with different concentrations of metformin. |
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動物実験 | 動物モデル | Male Sprague-Dawley rats |
投薬量 | 100 mg/300 mg | |
投与方法 | o.g. |
Data from [Data independently produced by , , Oncotarget, 2015, 6(2): 969-78 ]
Data from [Data independently produced by , , Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1):2169]
TBC1D23 mediates Golgi-specific LKB1 signaling [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):1785] | PubMed: 38413626 |
Metformin and buparlisib synergistically induce apoptosis of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cells via Akt/FoxO3a/Puma axis [ Toxicol In Vitro, 2024, 97:105801] | PubMed: 38479708 |
Metformin enhanced the effect of pirfenidone on pulmonary fibrosis in mice [ Clin Respir J, 2024, 18(1):e13731] | PubMed: 38286745 |
Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is regulated by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation in tumor cells [ Cell Death Dis, 2023, 14(7):469] | PubMed: 37495617 |
Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is regulated by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation in tumor cells [ Cell Death Dis, 2023, 14(7):469] | PubMed: 37495617 |
MYC is a regulator of androgen receptor inhibition-induced metabolic requirements in prostate cancer [ Cell Rep, 2023, 42(10):113221] | PubMed: 37815914 |
Metformin improves fibroblast metabolism and ameliorates arthrofibrosis in rats [ J Orthop Translat, 2023, 40:92-103] | PubMed: 37457314 |
Multitarget, multiagent PLGA nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor eradication and TME remodeling in a melanoma mouse model [ Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2023, 10.1007/s13346-023-01413-9] | PubMed: 37612575 |
Metformin Hydrochloride Significantly Inhibits Rotavirus Infection in Caco2 Cell Line, Intestinal Organoids, and Mice [ Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, 10.3390/ph16091279] | PubMed: 37765086 |
Metformin Hydrochloride Significantly Inhibits Rotavirus Infection in Caco2 Cell Line, Intestinal Organoids, and Mice [ Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, 16(9)1279] | PubMed: 37765086 |
長期の保管のために-20°Cの下で製品を保ってください。
人間や獣医の診断であるか治療的な使用のためにでない。
各々の製品のための特定の保管と取扱い情報は、製品データシートの上で示されます。大部分のSelleck製品は、推薦された状況の下で安定です。製品は、推薦された保管温度と異なる温度で、時々出荷されます。長期の保管のために必要とされてそれと異なる温度で、多くの製品は、短期もので安定です。品質を維持するが、夜通しの積荷のために最も経済的な貯蔵状況を用いてあなたの送料を保存する状況の下に、製品が出荷されることを、我々は確実とします。製品の受領と同時に、製品データシートの上で貯蔵推薦に従ってください。