VPA (Valproic acid)

化学情報

生物活性

プロトコル(参考用のみ)

参考

Selleckの高級品が、幾つかの出版された研究調査結果（以下を含む）で使われた：

製品コードS3944 バッチS394403

	Synonyms	2-Propylvaleric Acid, Valproate	Storage (From the date of receipt)	2 years -80°C liquid
	化学式	C₈H₁₆O₂
	分子量	144.21	CAS No.	99-66-1
Solubility (25°C)*	体外


* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

細胞アッセイ	細胞株	Neuro2A cells
	濃度	0.5-5 mM
	反応時間	24 h
	実験の流れ	Neuro2A cells are treated with VPA (0.5-5 mM) or with TSA (300 nm) for 24 h and then histones are isolated. Histone acetylation is assessed by immunoblotting with an antibody specific to acetylated histone H4.
動物実験	動物モデル	Rats
	投薬量	1.25 mM/kg
	投与方法	i.p.

VPA (Valproic acid) is a fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is also a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and is under investigation for treatment of HIV and various cancers. Valproic acid (VPA) induces autophagy and mitophagy by upregulation of BNIP3 and mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating PGC-1α. Valproic acid activates Notch-1 signaling.

in vitro

Valproic acid (VPA), like lithium, activates Wnt-dependent gene expression, but unlike lithium, VPA does not inhibit GSK-3β in vivo. VPA can inhibit GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation of a CREB peptide in vitro. VPA may activate Wnt-dependent gene expression through inhibition of HDAC, which in turn leads to both increased expression of β-catenin and de-repression of Tcf/Lef (as well as activation of other HDAC-regulated genes). In vitro, VPA can stimulate glutamic acid decarboxylase, which is involved in GABA biosynthesis, and inhibit GABA transaminase, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, enzymes involved in GABA degradation^[1]. Valproic acid relieves HDAC-dependent transcriptional repression and causes hyperacetylation of histones in cultured cells and in vivo. VPA induces differentiation and/or apoptosis of carcinoma cells, PML-RAR-transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells and leukemic blasts from AML patients^[2]. In addition to selectively inhibiting the catalytic activity of class I HDACs, VPA also induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2^[3].

Valproic acid (VPA) increases the level of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), with acute administration causing a 15-45% increase in GABA in the brains of rodents^[1]. VPA also inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in animal experiments. It is a well-tolerated drug even during long-term treatment^[2].

0.9 g/mL at 25 °C

Self-renewing human naïve pluripotent stem cells dedifferentiate in 3D culture and form blastoids spontaneously [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):668]	PubMed: 38253551
RNA m6A modification regulates L1 retrotransposons in human spermatogonial stem cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo [ Cell Mol Life Sci, 2024, 81(1):92]	PubMed: 38363375
Molecular mechanism underlying miR-204-5p regulation of adipose-derived stem cells differentiation into cells from three germ layers [ Cell Death Discov, 2024, 10(1):95]	PubMed: 38388551
Modeling post-implantation stages of human development into early organogenesis with stem-cell-derived peri-gastruloids [ Cell, 2023, S0092-8674(23)00794-8]	PubMed: 37478861
Establishing extended pluripotent stem cells from human urine cells [ Cell Biosci, 2023, 13(1):88]	PubMed: 37194020
Derivation of totipotent-like stem cells with blastocyst-like structure forming potential [ Cell Res, 2022, 10.1038/s41422-022-00668-0]	PubMed: 35508506
Direct chemical reprogramming of human cord blood erythroblasts to induced megakaryocytes that produce platelets [ Cell Stem Cell, 2022, 29(8):1229-1245.e7]	PubMed: 35931032
Dynamic reprogramming of H3K9me3 at hominoid-specific retrotransposons during human preimplantation development [ Cell Stem Cell, 2022, 29(7):1031-1050.e12]	PubMed: 35803225
Recapitulating early human development with 8C-like cells [ Cell Rep, 2022, 39(12):110994]	PubMed: 35732112
Establishment and characterization of adult human gastric epithelial progenitor-like cell lines [ Cell Prolif, 2022, e13355.]	PubMed: 36331058

長期の保管のために-20°Cの下で製品を保ってください。

人間や獣医の診断であるか治療的な使用のためにでない。

各々の製品のための特定の保管と取扱い情報は、製品データシートの上で示されます。大部分のSelleck製品は、推薦された状況の下で安定です。製品は、推薦された保管温度と異なる温度で、時々出荷されます。長期の保管のために必要とされてそれと異なる温度で、多くの製品は、短期もので安定です。品質を維持するが、夜通しの積荷のために最も経済的な貯蔵状況を用いてあなたの送料を保存する状況の下に、製品が出荷されることを、我々は確実とします。製品の受領と同時に、製品データシートの上で貯蔵推薦に従ってください。