Salinomycin (from Streptomyces albus)

Salinomycin (Procoxacin), traditionally used as an anti-coccidial drug, has recently been shown to possess anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell (CSC) effects.

Salinomycin (from Streptomyces albus)化学構造

CAS No. 53003-10-4

サイズ	価格(税別)	在庫状況
5mg	JPY 22000	国内在庫あり
25mg	JPY 68500	国内在庫あり
100mg	JPY 220500	国内在庫なし(納期7~10日)
1g	JPY 748500	国内在庫なし(納期7~10日)

代表番号: 045-509-1970\|電子メール：[email protected] よく尋ねられる質問

文献中Selleckの製品使用例（20）

カスタマーフィードバック2个实验数据

質量管理及び製品安全説明書

現在のバッチを見る： 純度：>97%

97

Salinomycin (from Streptomyces albus)関連製品

関連ターゲット	WNT β-catenin Wnt/β-catenin	もっと見る
関連製品	IWR-1-endo IWP-2 SKL2001 BML-284 (Wnt agonist 1) PRI-724 FH535 PNU-74654 LF3 KYA1797K KY02111 iCRT3 Adavivint (SM04690) MSAB Isoquercitrin IQ-1 iCRT14 CCT251545 Isoxazole 9 (ISX-9) JW55 Methyl Vanillate M435-1279 WAY-262611 JW74	もっと見る
関連化合物ライブラリー	Kinase Inhibitor Library FDA-approved Drug Library Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library GPCR Compound Library Stem Cell Differentiation Compound Library	もっと見る

シグナル伝達経路

Wnt/beta-cateninシグナル伝達経路

Wnt/beta-catenin阻害剤の選択性比較

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	活性情報	PMID
BT474	Function assay	7.5 uM	3 days	Disruption of preformed spheroids in human BT474 cancer stem cells at 7.5 uM after 3 days by microscopic analysis	ChEMBL
DU145	Function assay	7.5 uM	3 days	Disruption of preformed spheroids in human DU145 cancer stem cells at 7.5 uM after 3 days by microscopic analysis	ChEMBL
HT-29 cells	Proliferation assay		72 h	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50=1.03 μM	25644674
LS180 cells	Proliferation assay		72 h	Antiproliferative activity against human LS180 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50=0.61 μM	25644674
LoVo cells	Proliferation assay		72 h	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50=0.36 μM	25644674
MV4-11 cells	Proliferation assay		72 h	Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells after 72 hrs, IC50=0.33 μM	26163197
HL60 cells	Proliferation assay		72 h	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.29 μM	25644674
SW707 cells	Proliferation assay		72 h	Antiproliferative activity against human SW707 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50=1.73 μM	25644674
HL60/Vinc cells	Cytotoxicity assay		72 h	Cytotoxicity against vincristine-resistant human HL60/Vinc cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=3.44 μM	23079523
BALB/3T3 cells	Cytotoxicity assay		72 h	Cytotoxicity against mouse BALB/3T3 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=28.08 μM	23079523
HL60	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.44 μM.	23079523
LoVo	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human LoVo cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 1.11 μM.	23079523
HL60/Vinc	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against vincristine-resistant human HL60/Vinc cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 3.44 μM.	23079523
LoVo/DX	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant human LoVo/DX cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 6.23 μM.	23079523
BALB/3T3	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against mouse BALB/3T3 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 28.08 μM.	23079523
HL60	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.29 μM.	25644674
LoVo	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50 = 0.36 μM.	25644674
LS180	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human LS180 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50 = 0.61 μM.	25644674
LoVo/DX	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human doxorubicin-resistant LoVo/DX cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50 = 0.76 μM.	25644674
HT-29	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50 = 1.03 μM.	25644674
SW707	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human SW707 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50 = 1.73 μM.	25644674
HL60/Vinc	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human vincristine-resistant HL60/Vinc cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 2.09 μM.	25644674
BALB/3T3	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against mouse BALB/3T3 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50 = 9.33 μM.	25644674
MV4-11	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells after 72 hrs, IC50 = 0.33 μM.	26163197
LoVo	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells after 72 hrs, IC50 = 0.53 μM.	26163197
LoVo/DX	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against doxorubicin-resistant human LoVo/DX cells after 72 hrs, IC50 = 0.59 μM.	26163197
BALB/3T3	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against mouse BALB/3T3 cells after 72 hrs, IC50 = 27.76 μM.	26163197
JIMT1	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human JIMT1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.52 μM.	27326340
MCF7	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.59 μM.	27326340
MCF7	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 2.98 μM.	27876192
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 6.42 μM.	27876192
MIAPaCa2	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	28177244
DU145	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	28177244
BT474	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human BT474 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	28177244
MDA-MB-231	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	28177244
HT-29	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 1.43 μM.	28262526
HGC27	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human HGC27 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 2.57 μM.	28262526
MDA-MB-231	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 6.53 μM.	28262526
OV2008	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human OV2008 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 3.2 μM.	28651817
OV2008	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human OV2008 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 4.78 μM.	28651817
OV2008	Cytotoxicity assay		24 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human OV2008 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 7.44 μM.	28651817
HT-29	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 1.43 μM.	28688275
HEK293	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.195 μM.	29466777
HEK293	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against doxycycline inducible T-Rex/K-Ras G12V HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.3295 μM.	29466777
HL60	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 0.58 μM.	29466777
SW480	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 3.77 μM.	29466777
4T1	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against mouse 4T1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 3.78 μM.	29466777
A549	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 3.98 μM.	29466777
HeLa	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 4.49 μM.	29466777
MCF7	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 9.08 μM.	29466777
SMMC7721	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human SMMC7721 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 12.04 μM.	29466777
BEAS2B	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human BEAS2B cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS assay, IC50 = 13.07 μM.	29466777
LoVo	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay, IC50 = 0.44 μM.	30025346
LoVo/DX	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo/DX cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay, IC50 = 0.69 μM.	30025346
SK-BR-3	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay, IC50 = 0.89 μM.	30025346
JIMT1	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human JIMT1 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay, IC50 = 1.3 μM.	30025346
MCF7	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay, IC50 = 1.5 μM.	30025346
ALL5	Antiproliferative assay		120 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human ALL5 cells after 120 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 2.4 μM.	30025346
MCF10A	Antiproliferative assay		72 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF10A cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay, IC50 = 46 μM.	30025346
HT-29	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 3.21 μM.	30684870
HGC27	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human HGC27 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 8.18 μM.	30684870
HepG2	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 24.5 μM.	30871771
HL60	Cytotoxicity assay		24 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 24 hrs by resazurin dye based assay, GI50 = 6.63 μM.	30986574
HL-60	Function assay		24 hrs	Trypanocidal activity against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei infected in human HL-60 cells incubated for 24 hrs followed by compound wash out after 72 hrs, GI50 = 0.18 μM.	31103901
MDCK	Antiviral assay		3 days	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/7/1987(H3N2)) infected in MDCK cells after 3 days by MTT assay, EC50 = 0.4 μM.	31103901
Vero	Antiviral assay		24 hrs	Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (viral titer) measured by plaque assay in Vero cells at MOI 0.0125 after 24 hr, IC50 = 0.24 μM.	ChEMBL
MIAPaCa2	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay, CC50 = 6.5 μM.	ChEMBL
BT474	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs	Cytotoxicity against human BT474 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay, CC50 = 14 μM.	ChEMBL
VCaP cells	Proliferation assay			Antiproliferative activity against human VCaP cells, EC50=0.38 μM	23063400
VCaP	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human VCaP cells, EC50 = 0.38 μM.	23063400
LoVo/DX	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo/DX cells, IC50 = 1 μM.	24631190
HL60	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells, IC50 = 1.2 μM.	24631190
LoVo	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells, IC50 = 1.5 μM.	24631190
HL60/Vinc	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human HL60/Vinc cells, IC50 = 4.7 μM.	24631190
BALB/3T3	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity mouse BALB/3T3 cells, IC50 = 25.8 μM.	24631190
HMLER	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against HMLER cells by MTT assay Breast cancer stem cell, IC50 = 0.1 μM.	30684870
HeLa	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.32 μM.	30684870
LoVo	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells by SRB assay, IC50 = 0.44 μM.	30684870
JIMT1	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human JIMT1 cells, IC50 = 0.52 μM.	30684870
JIMT1	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human JIMT1 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.52 μM.	30684870
MCF7	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 0.59 μM.	30684870
LoVo/DX	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo/DX cells by SRB assay, IC50 = 0.69 μM.	30684870
SKBR3	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human SKBR3 cells by SRB assay, IC50 = 0.89 μM.	30684870
HT-29	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 1.03 μM.	30684870
JIMT1	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human JIMT1 cells by SRB assay, IC50 = 1.3 μM.	30684870
MCF7	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by SRB assay, IC50 = 1.5 μM.	30684870
HGC27	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human HGC27 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 2.57 μM.	30684870
4T1	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against mouse 4T1 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 3.78 μM.	30684870
A549	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 3.98 μM.	30684870
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by SRB assay, IC50 = 6.42 μM.	30684870
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 6.91 μM.	30684870
Caco2	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 12.99 μM.	30684870
U87	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human U87 cells by MTT assay, IC50 = 38.7 μM.	30684870
MCF10A	Antiproliferative assay			Antiproliferative activity against human MCF10A cells by SRB assay, IC50 = 46 μM.	30684870
他の多くの細胞株試験データをご覧になる場合はこちらをクリックして下さい

生物活性

製品説明

Salinomycin (Procoxacin), traditionally used as an anti-coccidial drug, has recently been shown to possess anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell (CSC) effects.

Targets

Wnt/β-catenin ^[1]

In Vitro
In vitro	Salinomycin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces albus, has been shown to kill CSCs in different types of human cancers, most likely by interfering with ABC(ATP-binding cassette) drug transporters, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and other CSC pathways. Salinomycin exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Sarcina lutea, Mycobacterium spp., some filamentous fungi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Eimeria spp., protozoan parasites responsible for the poultry disease coccidiosis. In addition, salinomycin has early been shown to act in different biological membranes, including cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes, as a monovalent cation ionophore with strict selectivity for alkali ions and a strong preference for K+, thereby promoting mitochondrial and cytoplasmic K+ efflux and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Salinomycin can induce massive apoptosis in human cancer cells of different origin that display multiple mechanisms of drug and apoptosis resistance^[1].
細胞実験	細胞株	colon cancer (SW480, SW620, RKO) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-453).
	濃度	1, 2.5, 5, 10 μM
	反応時間	26 h
	実験の流れ	Cells are plated at 1500 (SW480 or SW620) or 4000 (all other cell lines) per well in flat-bottom 96-well plates. They are treated with salinomycin at the indicated concentration 16 hours later. Seventy-two hours after this, 5 mg/ml MTT in PBS is added per well; cells are lysed after 4 hours by addition of 50 µl triplex solution (10% SDS; 5% isobutanol, 0.012 M HCl). Absorbance is measured at 562 nm. Alternatively, viability is determined with the ViaCount reagent on a Guava easyCyte8HT flow cytometer, following the instructions of the manufacturer.

In Vivo
In Vivo	Salinomycin is able to effectively eliminate CSCs and to induce partial clinical regression of heavily pretreated and therapy-resistant cancers. It has also been demonstrated as a positive ionotropic and chronotropic agent that increased cardiac output, left ventricular systolic pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, coronary artery vasodilatation and blood flow, and plasma catecholamine concentration. These results have been obtained in experiments with mongrel dogs that has received a single intravenous injection of 150 μg/kg salinomycin. However, It has been reported with a considerable toxicity of salinomycin in mammals, such as horses, pigs, cats, and alpacas after accidental oral or inhalative intake. Risk assessment data recently published by the European Food Safety Authority declare an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 μg/kg salinomycin for humans, because daily intake of more than 500 μg/kg salinomycin by dogs leads to neurotoxic effects, such as myelin loss and axonal degeneration. Intravenous administration of 200-250 μg/kg salinomycin every second day for three weeks results in partial regression of tumor metastasis and shows only minor acute and long-term side effects, but no severe acute and long-term side effects observed with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs^[1].
動物実験	動物モデル	NOD/SCID mice
	投与量	5 mg/kg
	投与経路	i.p.

参考
[1] Naujokat C, et al. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012:950658. [2] Verdoodt B, et al. PLoS One. 2012, 7(9):e44132. [3] Zhang B, et al. Oncol Rep. 2013, 29(4):1371-8.

参考

化学情報

分子量	751.00	化学式	C₄₂H₇₀O₁₁
CAS No.	53003-10-4	SDF	Download Salinomycin (from Streptomyces albus) SDFをダウンロードする
Smiles	CCC(C1CCC(C(O1)C(C)C(C(C)C(=O)C(CC)C2C(CC(C3(O2)C=CC(C4(O3)CCC(O4)(C)C5CCC(C(O5)C)(CC)O)O)C)C)O)C)C(=O)O
保管	3年-20°C粉	溶液の保管冷凍と解凍の繰り返しを避けるため小分けにしてください	1年-80°Cin solvent
保管	3年-20°C粉	溶液の保管冷凍と解凍の繰り返しを避けるため小分けにしてください	1个月-20°Cin solvent

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL ( (133.15 mM)；吸湿したDMSOは溶解度を減少させます。新しいDMSOをご使用ください。)

Ethanol : 100 mg/mL

Water : Insoluble

モル濃度計算器

in vivo
Batch:

Add solvents to the product individually and in order.

投与溶液組成計算機

実験計算

モル濃度計算器

質量	濃度	体積	分子量
=	×	×

希釈計算器分子量計算器

投与溶液組成計算機(クリア溶液)

ステップ１：実験データを入力してください。（実験操作によるロスを考慮し、動物数を1匹分多くして計算・調製することを推奨します）

投与量 mg/kg 動物平均体重 g 投与体積（動物毎）μL 動物数匹

ステップ２：投与溶媒の組成を入力してください。（ロット毎に適した溶解組成が異なる場合があります。詳細については弊社までお問い合わせください）

% DMSO + % + % Tween 80 + % ddH₂O

%DMSO+ %

計算結果：

投与溶媒濃度： mg/ml;

DMSOストック溶液調製方法： mg 試薬を μL DMSOに溶解する（濃度 mg/mL, 注：濃度が当該ロットのDMSO溶解度を超える場合はご連絡ください。 )

投与溶媒調製方法：Take μL DMSOストック溶液に μL PEG300，を加え、完全溶解後μL Tween 80，を加えて完全溶解させた後 μL ddH₂O，を加え完全に溶解させます。

投与溶媒調製方法：μL DMSOストック溶液に μL Corn oil，を加え、完全溶解。

注意：１.ストック溶液に沈殿、混濁などがないことをご確認ください；
２.順番通りに溶剤を加えてください。次のステップに進む前に溶液に沈殿、混濁などがないことを確認してから加えてください。ボルテックス、ソニケーション、水浴加熱など物理的な方法で溶解を早めることは可能です。

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):