Metformin HCl

製品コードS1950 バッチS195012

化学情報

	Synonyms	1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years -20°C powder 1 years -80°C in solvent
	化学式	C₄H₁₁N₅.HCl
	分子量	165.62	CAS No.	1115-70-4
Solubility (25°C)*	体外	Water	33 mg/mL warmed with 50ºC water bath (199.25 mM)
		Ethanol	Insoluble

* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

溶剤液（一定の濃度）を調合する

生物活性

製品説明	Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl) decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes primarily by suppressing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.
in vitro	Metformin (500 μM) activates AMPK in hepatocytes, as a result, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity is reduced, fatty acid oxidation is induced, and expression of lipogenic enzymes is suppressed. Metformin (2 mM) activates muscle AMPK and promotes glucose uptake. Metformin (500 μM) or AICAR strongly suppresses SREBP-1 mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes. Metformin ameliorates hyperglycemia without stimulating insulin secretion, promoting weight gain, or causing hypoglycemia. Metformin has beneficial effects on circulating lipids linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and increases skeletal myocyte glucose uptake. ^[1] Metformin requires LKB1 in the liver to lower blood glucose levels. ^[2] Metformin (2 mM) leads to a significant increase in the activity of both α1- and α2-containing complexes in muscle cells. Metformin (2 mM) also increases threonine 172 phosphorylation in muscle cells. ^[3]
in vivo	Metformin (100 mg/ml, po) treatment produces significant decreases in hepatic expression of mRNAs for SREBP-1, FAS, and S14 in SD rats that are consistent with effects documented in cells. Metformin also decreases hepatic lipids in obese mice. ^[1] Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) increases AMPK phosphorylation in livers of wild-type mice. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment reduces blood glucose by more than 50% in the wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment also loweres blood glucose in the ob/ob mice by 40%. ^[2]

製品説明

Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl) decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes primarily by suppressing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.

in vitro

Metformin (500 μM) activates AMPK in hepatocytes, as a result, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity is reduced, fatty acid oxidation is induced, and expression of lipogenic enzymes is suppressed. Metformin (2 mM) activates muscle AMPK and promotes glucose uptake. Metformin (500 μM) or AICAR strongly suppresses SREBP-1 mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes. Metformin ameliorates hyperglycemia without stimulating insulin secretion, promoting weight gain, or causing hypoglycemia. Metformin has beneficial effects on circulating lipids linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and increases skeletal myocyte glucose uptake. ^[1]

Metformin requires LKB1 in the liver to lower blood glucose levels. ^[2]

Metformin (2 mM) leads to a significant increase in the activity of both α1- and α2-containing complexes in muscle cells. Metformin (2 mM) also increases threonine 172 phosphorylation in muscle cells. ^[3]

in vivo

Metformin (100 mg/ml, po) treatment produces significant decreases in hepatic expression of mRNAs for SREBP-1, FAS, and S14 in SD rats that are consistent with effects documented in cells. Metformin also decreases hepatic lipids in obese mice. ^[1]

Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) increases AMPK phosphorylation in livers of wild-type mice. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment reduces blood glucose by more than 50% in the wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment also loweres blood glucose in the ob/ob mice by 40%. ^[2]

プロトコル(参考用のみ)

細胞アッセイ	細胞株	Rat primary hepatocytes
	濃度	500 µM
	反応時間	1 h
	実験の流れ	Cells were treated with different concentrations of metformin.
動物実験	動物モデル	Male Sprague-Dawley rats
	投薬量	100 mg/300 mg
	投与方法	o.g.

参考

[4] Schmidt LJ, et al. Prostate, 2007, 67(10), 1111-1120.

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カスタマーフィードバック

: Data from [Data independently produced by , , Oncotarget, 2015, 6(2): 969-78 ]

: Data from [Data independently produced by , , Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1):2169]

Selleckの高級品が、幾つかの出版された研究調査結果（以下を含む）で使われた：

TBC1D23 mediates Golgi-specific LKB1 signaling [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):1785]	PubMed: 38413626
Metformin enhanced the effect of pirfenidone on pulmonary fibrosis in mice [ Clin Respir J, 2024, 18(1):e13731]	PubMed: 38286745
Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is regulated by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation in tumor cells [ Cell Death Dis, 2023, 14(7):469]	PubMed: 37495617
Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is regulated by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation in tumor cells [ Cell Death Dis, 2023, 14(7):469]	PubMed: 37495617
MYC is a regulator of androgen receptor inhibition-induced metabolic requirements in prostate cancer [ Cell Rep, 2023, 42(10):113221]	PubMed: 37815914
Metformin improves fibroblast metabolism and ameliorates arthrofibrosis in rats [ J Orthop Translat, 2023, 40:92-103]	PubMed: 37457314
Multitarget, multiagent PLGA nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor eradication and TME remodeling in a melanoma mouse model [ Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2023, 10.1007/s13346-023-01413-9]	PubMed: 37612575
Metformin Hydrochloride Significantly Inhibits Rotavirus Infection in Caco2 Cell Line, Intestinal Organoids, and Mice [ Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, 10.3390/ph16091279]	PubMed: 37765086
Metformin Hydrochloride Significantly Inhibits Rotavirus Infection in Caco2 Cell Line, Intestinal Organoids, and Mice [ Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, 16(9)1279]	PubMed: 37765086
Metformin promotes cGAS/STING signaling pathway activation by blocking AKT phosphorylation in gastric cancer [ Heliyon, 2023, 9(8):e18954]	PubMed: 37600406

長期の保管のために-20°Cの下で製品を保ってください。

人間や獣医の診断であるか治療的な使用のためにでない。

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