Datasheet

生物学的記述

Specificity	AFP Antibody [M19A22] detects endogenous levels of total AFP protein.
Background	Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), also known as alpha-1-fetoprotein, is a fetal-specific glycoprotein and oncofetal biomarker belonging to the albumin gene family. It is primarily synthesized in the embryonic yolk sac, fetal liver, and gastrointestinal tract during development, with expression silenced in adults except for low hepatic levels. Reactivation of AFP occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), germ cell tumors, and nonseminomatous testicular cancers, making it a key marker for diagnosis and monitoring. AFP is a single polypeptide chain folded into three conserved domains (I, II, III) that form a V-shaped molecule stabilized by 15-16 disulfide bridges. It contains four fatty acid-binding pockets (subdomains IIA, IIA/IIB, IIIA, IIIB) with key ligand-orienting residues (Lys242, Lys246, Arg233, Tyr435), a metal-ion binding site in Domain IA (His22, His264, His268, Asp280), N-glycosylation at Asn251 (the fucosylated AFP-L3 isoform is clinically relevant for aggressive HCC), and C-terminal motifs for protein-receptor interactions. AFP serves biological roles in fetal plasma transport of bilirubin, fatty acids, and metals, maintenance of osmotic pressure, and modulation of immune tolerance by suppressing maternal T, NK, and dendritic cell responses through estrogen and growth factor binding. It also regulates liver cell proliferation and differentiation. AFP promotes tumor growth by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and cAMP/PKA pathways, inhibits apoptosis via caspase-3 binding, drives angiogenesis and metastasis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enables immune evasion, and is regulated by p53 and β-catenin mutations in HCC.

Specificity

AFP Antibody [M19A22] detects endogenous levels of total AFP protein.

Background

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), also known as alpha-1-fetoprotein, is a fetal-specific glycoprotein and oncofetal biomarker belonging to the albumin gene family. It is primarily synthesized in the embryonic yolk sac, fetal liver, and gastrointestinal tract during development, with expression silenced in adults except for low hepatic levels. Reactivation of AFP occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), germ cell tumors, and nonseminomatous testicular cancers, making it a key marker for diagnosis and monitoring. AFP is a single polypeptide chain folded into three conserved domains (I, II, III) that form a V-shaped molecule stabilized by 15-16 disulfide bridges. It contains four fatty acid-binding pockets (subdomains IIA, IIA/IIB, IIIA, IIIB) with key ligand-orienting residues (Lys242, Lys246, Arg233, Tyr435), a metal-ion binding site in Domain IA (His22, His264, His268, Asp280), N-glycosylation at Asn251 (the fucosylated AFP-L3 isoform is clinically relevant for aggressive HCC), and C-terminal motifs for protein-receptor interactions. AFP serves biological roles in fetal plasma transport of bilirubin, fatty acids, and metals, maintenance of osmotic pressure, and modulation of immune tolerance by suppressing maternal T, NK, and dendritic cell responses through estrogen and growth factor binding. It also regulates liver cell proliferation and differentiation. AFP promotes tumor growth by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and cAMP/PKA pathways, inhibits apoptosis via caspase-3 binding, drives angiogenesis and metastasis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enables immune evasion, and is regulated by p53 and β-catenin mutations in HCC.

使用情報

Application

WB, IP, IHC, IF, FCM

Dilution

WB	IP	IHC	IF	FCM
1:1000 - 1:10000	1:10 - 1:100	1:50 - 1:100	1:100 - 1:250	1:50

Reactivity

Human

Source

Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

MW

68 kDa

Storage Buffer

PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage
(from the date of receipt)

-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

プロトコール

References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40718612/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40430002/

Application Data

WB

Validated by Selleck

Lane 1: Huh7, Lane 2: HepG2, Lane 3: Human fetal liver, Lane 4: Human plasma