Datasheet

生物学的記述

Specificity	APOL1 Antibody (Mouse mAb) [H19A11] detects endogenous levels of total APOL1 protein.
Background	APOL1 (apolipoprotein L1) is a circulating serum protein that kills trypanosomes, and it also acts inside cells as a determinant of kidney injury. Two independent sequence variants of the gene, designated G1 and G2, are common on African chromosomes, absent from European chromosomes and carried on haplotypes bearing signatures of positive selection. These variants are strongly associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and with hypertension-attributed end-stage kidney disease. The same variants carry the protective trypanolytic activity: in vitro, only the kidney disease-associated forms lyse Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, while the reference form does not, so the evolution of this survival factor in Africa links trypanosome resistance to susceptibility to renal disease. Inside cells, the risk variants are directly cytotoxic. Inducible expression of G1 or G2 in human embryonic kidney cells causes marked cell swelling and cell death, which the reference form G0 does not. The earliest measurable event is a net efflux of intracellular potassium, detected by X-ray fluorescence, and this loss of potassium precedes the rest of the injury. Potassium depletion is followed by activation of the stress-activated protein kinases p38 MAPK and JNK. The order of events is established by intervention: blocking potassium efflux prevents the kinase activation, and inhibiting either the potassium efflux or the downstream kinase signaling abolishes the cytotoxicity. Loss of intracellular potassium and the consequent stress kinase signaling therefore form a sequential pathway through which APOL1 risk variants damage cells, and both steps are points at which the injury can be interrupted.

Specificity

APOL1 Antibody (Mouse mAb) [H19A11] detects endogenous levels of total APOL1 protein.

Background

APOL1 (apolipoprotein L1) is a circulating serum protein that kills trypanosomes, and it also acts inside cells as a determinant of kidney injury. Two independent sequence variants of the gene, designated G1 and G2, are common on African chromosomes, absent from European chromosomes and carried on haplotypes bearing signatures of positive selection. These variants are strongly associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and with hypertension-attributed end-stage kidney disease. The same variants carry the protective trypanolytic activity: in vitro, only the kidney disease-associated forms lyse Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, while the reference form does not, so the evolution of this survival factor in Africa links trypanosome resistance to susceptibility to renal disease. Inside cells, the risk variants are directly cytotoxic. Inducible expression of G1 or G2 in human embryonic kidney cells causes marked cell swelling and cell death, which the reference form G0 does not. The earliest measurable event is a net efflux of intracellular potassium, detected by X-ray fluorescence, and this loss of potassium precedes the rest of the injury. Potassium depletion is followed by activation of the stress-activated protein kinases p38 MAPK and JNK. The order of events is established by intervention: blocking potassium efflux prevents the kinase activation, and inhibiting either the potassium efflux or the downstream kinase signaling abolishes the cytotoxicity. Loss of intracellular potassium and the consequent stress kinase signaling therefore form a sequential pathway through which APOL1 risk variants damage cells, and both steps are points at which the injury can be interrupted.

使用情報

Application

WB, IP, IHC, IF

Dilution

WB	IP	IHC	IF
1:20000	1:50-1:200	1:500-1:5000	1:200-1:800

Reactivity

Human

Source

Mouse Monoclonal Antibody

MW

44 kDa

Storage Buffer

PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage
(from the date of receipt)

-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

プロトコール

References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20647424/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26699492/

APOL1 Antibody (Mouse mAb) [H19A11]

生物学的記述

使用情報

References

Application Data