Betaine

製品コードS3755

化学情報

	Synonyms	trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, oxyneurine	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years -20°C powder 1 years -80°C in solvent
	化学式	C₅H₁₁NO₂
	分子量	117.15	CAS No.	107-43-7
Solubility (25°C)*	体外	DMSO	23 mg/mL (196.32 mM)


* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

溶剤液（一定の濃度）を調合する

生物活性

製品説明	Betaine (trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, oxyneurine), a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets, has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.
in vitro	Betaine shows negligible cytotoxicity even after long-term exposure of cells. It is rich in abundant microorganisms, plants, and animals. In human serum, the resting concentration of this compound ranges from ~2.3 to 8.2 mg/L. As a well-known osmoprotectant, it is able to protect cells against osmotically induced inactivation. This chemical could work as a nontoxic CPA and enable cells to survive ultrarapid cryopreservation to achieve superior cell survival efficiency. It is found that cellular uptake of this compound is ultra-rapid for intracellular protection during the freezing process^[1]. It stabilizes corneal epithelial cell volume under hyperosmotic stress and limits hyperosmotic stress-induced HCLE apoptosis^[3].
in vivo	Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. In humans, this compound is obtained from the diet or from its metabolic precursor choline. It is utilized as a methyl donor in a reaction that converts homocysteine into methionine via betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. This chemical also plays a role in osmotic regulation in the kidneys, which are routinely exposed to high extracellular osmolarity during normal operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. Furthermore, dietary betaine suppresses the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with oxidative stress, and the protein expression of proinflammatory molecules such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in aged rat kidneys. It has protective effects against LPS-induced memory impairment that are mediated through unique mechanisms involving its actions on GAT2, which is involved in the development of memory impairment, without affecting proinflammatory molecules or glial markers^[2].

プロトコル(参考用のみ)

細胞アッセイ	細胞株	Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells
	濃度	5 or 10 mM
	反応時間	16 h
	実験の流れ	Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells exposed to culture medium for 16 h at 300 mOsm (isotonic) or 500 mOsm (hyperosmotic) in the presence or absence of this compound (5 or 10 mM) are evaluated for cell volume changes; cell viability; and apoptosis.
動物実験	動物モデル	Male ddY strain mice
	投薬量	0.081, 0.163, or 0.326 mmol/kg
	投与方法	s.c.

参考

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5118695/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273450/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23246691/

Selleckの高級品が、幾つかの出版された研究調査結果（以下を含む）で使われた：

Hypoxanthine in the microenvironment can enable thiopurine resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ Front Oncol, 2024, 14:1440650]	PubMed: 39099696
Reactivated endogenous retroviruses promote protein aggregate spreading [ Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5034]	PubMed: 37596282
Reactivated endogenous retroviruses promote protein aggregate spreading [ Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5034]	PubMed: 37596282

長期の保管のために-20°Cの下で製品を保ってください。

人間や獣医の診断であるか治療的な使用のためにでない。

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