Datasheet

生物学的記述

Specificity	Toll-like Receptor 9 Antibody [K21F2] detects endogenous levels of total Toll-like Receptor 9 protein.
Background	TLR9 belongs to the Toll-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors that orchestrate innate immune responses to microbial nucleic acids. Expressed primarily in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages, TLR9 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum until ligand engagement triggers endosomal trafficking where cathepsin-mediated cleavage generates an active N-terminal ligand-binding fragment while retaining the C-terminal TIR signaling domain. Unmethylated CpG DNA motifs bind within the LRR horseshoe structure, inducing receptor dimerization and high-affinity recruitment of the MyD88 adaptor protein; this assembles the myddosome complex with IRAK4 kinase phosphorylating IRAK1/2, which then activates TRAF6 auto-ubiquitination. TRAF6 recruits the TAK1 kinase complex that splits signaling into two arms—activation of IKK leading to NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, alongside MAPK cascades stabilizing AP-1 for enhanced cytokine production. In plasmacytoid DCs, a parallel pathway incorporates TRAF3 with IKKα to phosphorylate IRF7, driving robust type I interferon responses. UNC93B1 chaperones TLR9 trafficking, while AP-3 complex directs interferon-competent signaling to lysosome-related organelles distinct from early endosomal NF-κB compartments. TLR9 coordinates antiviral states through interferon-stimulated genes, matures antigen-presenting cells for adaptive immunity, and enhances phagocytosis via ROS production. Self-DNA immune complexes activate TLR9 in systemic lupus erythematosus, fueling autoreactive B cell expansion and interferon-driven pathology.

Specificity

Toll-like Receptor 9 Antibody [K21F2] detects endogenous levels of total Toll-like Receptor 9 protein.

Background

TLR9 belongs to the Toll-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors that orchestrate innate immune responses to microbial nucleic acids. Expressed primarily in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages, TLR9 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum until ligand engagement triggers endosomal trafficking where cathepsin-mediated cleavage generates an active N-terminal ligand-binding fragment while retaining the C-terminal TIR signaling domain. Unmethylated CpG DNA motifs bind within the LRR horseshoe structure, inducing receptor dimerization and high-affinity recruitment of the MyD88 adaptor protein; this assembles the myddosome complex with IRAK4 kinase phosphorylating IRAK1/2, which then activates TRAF6 auto-ubiquitination. TRAF6 recruits the TAK1 kinase complex that splits signaling into two arms—activation of IKK leading to NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, alongside MAPK cascades stabilizing AP-1 for enhanced cytokine production. In plasmacytoid DCs, a parallel pathway incorporates TRAF3 with IKKα to phosphorylate IRF7, driving robust type I interferon responses. UNC93B1 chaperones TLR9 trafficking, while AP-3 complex directs interferon-competent signaling to lysosome-related organelles distinct from early endosomal NF-κB compartments. TLR9 coordinates antiviral states through interferon-stimulated genes, matures antigen-presenting cells for adaptive immunity, and enhances phagocytosis via ROS production. Self-DNA immune complexes activate TLR9 in systemic lupus erythematosus, fueling autoreactive B cell expansion and interferon-driven pathology.

使用情報

Application

WB, IP, IHC, IF, FCM, ELISA

Dilution

WB	IP	IHC	IF	FCM
1:400-1:1000	1:10-1:500	1:400	1:10-1:500	1:10 - 1:1000

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat, Canine, Equine, Primate, Monkey

Source

Mouse Monoclonal Antibody

MW

115 kDa

Storage Buffer

PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage
(from the date of receipt)

-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

プロトコール

References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25309543/

Toll-like Receptor 9 Antibody [K21F2]

生物学的記述

使用情報

References

Application Data