Bosutinib

Bosutinib is selective for Src over non-Src family kinases with an IC50 of 1.2 nM, and potently inhibits Src-dependent cell proliferation with an IC50 of 100 nM. ^[1] Bosutinib significantly inhibits the proliferation of Bcr-Abl-positive leukemia cell lines KU812, K562, and MEG-01 but not Molt-4, HL-60, Ramos, and other leukemia cell lines, with IC50 of 5 nM, 20 nM and 20 nM, respectively, more potently than that of STI-571. Similar to STI-571, Bosutinib displays antiproliferative activity against the Abl-MLV-transformed fibroblasts with IC50 of 90 nM. Bosutinib ablates tyrosine phosphorylation of Bcr-Abl and STAT5 in CML cells and of v-Abl expressed in fibroblasts at the concentration of ~50 nM, 10-25 nM and 200 nM, respectively, leading to the Bcr-Abl downstream signaling inhibition of Lyn/Hck phosphorylation. ^[2] Although unable to inhibit the proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells, Bosutinib significantly decreases the motility and invasion of breast cancer cells with IC50 of ~250 nM, involved with an increase in cell-to-cell adhesion and membrane localization of β-catenin. ^[3]

Cells are exposed to various concentrations of Bosutinib for 72 hours. Anchorage-independent proliferation of Abl-MLV-transformed fibroblasts is measured in 96-well ultra-low binding plates treated with Sigmacote to block residual cell attachment. Cell proliferation is measured with MTS or Cell-Glo. For the determination of cell cycle or cell death, cells are prepared for FACS analysis in the CycleTest Plus DNA reagent kit and analyzed on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter flow cytometer.

Bosutinib (60 mg/kg/day) is active against Src-transformed fibroblasts xenografts and HT29 xenografts in nude mice with T/C of 18% and 30%, respectively. ^[1] Oral administration of Bosutinib for 5 days significantly suppresses K562 tumor growth in mice in a dose-dependent manner, with the large tumors eradicated at dose of 100 mg/kg and tumor free at 150 mg/kg without overt toxicity. ^[2] As being inactive against Colo205 xenografts in nude mice at 50 mg/kg twice daily, Bosutinib dosing at 75 mg/kg twice daily is necessary against Colo205 xenografts, and increasing the dose of Bosutinib has no additional benefit, in contrast to the significant dose-dependent ability against HT29 xenografts. ^[4]