PARP1 Antibody (Rabbit mAb) [N4A5]

CatNo: F0148

Application: Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey

Lane 1: SW620, Lane 2: A20, Lane 3: HEK293, Lane 4: HEK293(ko PARP)
Lane 1: THP-1, Lane 2: THP-1 (TNF-α and cycloheximide treated)

サイズ（液体）	価格(税別)	在庫状況
20ul	JPY 18000	国内在庫あり
100ul	JPY 39000	国内在庫あり
100uL*2	JPY 62400	お問い合わせ

代表番号: 045-509-1970\|電子メール：sales@selleck.co.jp よく尋ねられる質問

文献中Selleckの製品使用例(5)

カスタマーフィードバック(5)

キーポイント

WB
SDS-PAGE の分離ゲルの推奨濃度：5%。

使用情報

Dilution
WB1:1000 IP1:200

Application
WB, IP

Source
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey

Storage Buffer
PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN₃

Storage (from the date of receipt)
–20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Predicted MW
113 kDa

ポジティブコントロール	HEK293; THP-1; SW620; A20; Jurkat (Etoposide, 25µM, 5h)
ネガティブコントロール

サンプル処理データの例

サンプル	処理状況
Jurkat	Etoposide (25 µM, 5 h)
クリックして、さらに多くのサンプルデータを表示

^*異なるヒト由来細胞や組織における発現量の予測については、以下をご参照ください: http://www.proteinatlas.org

サンプル	処理状況

プロトコール

WB
Experimental Protocol: Sample preparation 1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant; 5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration; 6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice. Electrophoretic separation 1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 5%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations 2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.) Transfer membrane 1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter; 2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer; 3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip"; 4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min. ( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.) Block 1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes; 2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature; 3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time. Antibody incubation 1. Use primary antibody dilution buffer to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight; 2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time; 3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour; 4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time. Antibody staining 9. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly; 2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

Experimental Protocol:

Sample preparation

1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant;

5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration;

6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice.

Electrophoretic separation

1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 5%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations

2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.)

Transfer membrane

1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter;

2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer;

3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip";

4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications

Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min.

( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.)

Block

1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes;

2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature;

3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.

Antibody incubation

1. Use primary antibody dilution buffer to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight;

2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time;

3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour;

4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time.

Antibody staining

9. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly;

2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

IP
Experimental Procedure: Reagents and Preparation 1. Basic buffers: 1× PBS or 1× TBS (pre-chilled on ice); 1× cell lysis buffer (add 1 mM PMSF protease inhibitor immediately before use; add phosphatase inhibitors for phosphoproteins). 2. Capture medium: Protein A/G magnetic beads or agarose beads (Sepharose beads). 3. Controls: Use an isotype control IgG matching the host species and IgG subclass of the primary antibody, at the same concentration. It is recommended to reserve a portion of the cell lysate that has not been subjected to immunoprecipitation as the Input control; if necessary, a beads-only control (beads added without antibody) may also be included. 4. Loading and elution reagents: 3× or 4× SDS sample loading buffer (containing DTT/reducing agent); if non-denaturing elution is to be performed, prepare the corresponding elution buffer and neutralization buffer separately; for denaturing elution, 1× PBS is typically used to dilute the 3× or 4× SDS sample loading buffer to 1×. Cell Lysis and Sample Preparation (Native Protein Extraction) 1. Cell harvesting: Discard the culture medium and wash the cells once with ice-cold 1× PBS. 2. Cell lysis: Add 0.5–1 mL of ice-cold 1× cell lysis buffer to a 10-cm culture dish and incubate on ice for 5–10 minutes. 3. Lysate collection and clarification: Scrape the cells and transfer the lysate to a microcentrifuge tube. Some adherent cells may require detachment using digestive enzymes or mechanical methods. Centrifuge at 14,000 rpm at 4°C for 5–15 min. Collect the supernatant as the clarified cell lysate. It is recommended to determine the protein concentration. Pre-clearing and Immunoprecipitation Reaction 1. Pre-clearing of the lysate (recommended): Take an appropriate amount of beads (magnetic beads or agarose beads) and pre-wash 2–3 times with cell lysis buffer or 1× TBS/PBS. After pre-washing, it is recommended to remove the wash buffer as completely as possible before adding subsequent reagents, to avoid extra dilution of the sample. For lysis systems containing detergents or specific salt concentrations, prefer pre-washing with a buffer identical or compatible with the lysis buffer to minimize buffer-system mismatches. 2. Pre-clearing treatment: Mix the cell lysate with the pre-washed beads and incubate with rotation at room temperature for 30–60 min, or at 4°C with rotation for 1–2 h. When using agarose beads, pellet the beads by centrifugation after incubation and collect the supernatant. When using magnetic beads, separate the beads using a magnetic stand after incubation and collect the supernatant. This step removes proteins that bind non-specifically to the beads. For unstable proteins, phosphoproteins, or protein complexes, incubation at 4°C is preferred to minimize protein degradation, dephosphorylation, or complex dissociation. Beads used for pre-clearing should generally not be pre-coupled with a specific antibody, to avoid loss of the target antigen. 3. Formation of the “bead–antibody–antigen” immunocomplex Either of the following two approaches may be used: 3.1 Pre-form the antibody–antigen complex, then add the beads: Add an appropriate amount of primary antibody to the pre-cleared supernatant obtained in step 2, and set up an isotype control IgG group in parallel. Incubate with rotation at 4°C overnight (recommended), or at room temperature with rotation for 2 h, to allow formation of the antibody–antigen complex. In parallel, take an appropriate amount of beads and pre-wash them as described in step 1 of this section. Add the antibody–antigen complex to the pre-washed magnetic or agarose beads and incubate with rotation at room temperature for 30 min–1 h, or at 4°C with rotation for 1–2 h, to allow the antibody–antigen complex to bind efficiently to the beads. 3.2 Pre-form the bead–antibody complex, then add the cell lysate: Dilute the primary antibody in cell lysis buffer at the dilution ratio recommended in the antibody instruction manual to prepare the antibody working solution. Add an appropriate amount of pre-washed magnetic beads to the antibody working solution and incubate with rotation at room temperature for 15 min, or at 4°C with rotation for 1 h, to form the bead–antibody complex. Recover the beads by magnetic separation or centrifugation, discard the supernatant, and pre-wash the beads 2–3 times with 1× TBS. Then add the cell lysate and incubate with rotation at 4°C overnight (recommended), or at room temperature with rotation for 2 h. Washing of the Precipitate and Sample Elution 1. Once immunoprecipitation is complete, separate the beads according to their type and discard the supernatant. Magnetic beads are separated using a magnetic stand. For agarose beads, low-speed centrifugation (500–1000 rpm) appropriate for the bead specifications should be used, to avoid bead compaction or damage caused by high-speed centrifugation. 2. Washing the beads: Gently wash the beads 3–5 times with ice-cold 1× cell lysis buffer or 1× TBS/TBST. Keep the temperature low throughout the washes. After each addition of wash buffer, mix gently to fully resuspend the beads; then separate the beads using a magnetic stand or appropriate centrifugation, depending on the bead type, and remove the wash buffer thoroughly to minimize unbound and non-specifically bound components. During each wash, remove as much supernatant as possible while avoiding aspiration of the beads. After the final wash, remove residual wash buffer as completely as possible to prevent dilution of the eluate or interference with downstream analyses. Keep the samples on ice after each wash. 3. Sample elution (choose one of the following): 3.1 Denaturing direct elution (most commonly used): Add SDS sample loading buffer to the bead pellet to a final concentration of 1×. If 3× or 4× SDS sample loading buffer is used, it must first be diluted to 1×. Mix well and heat at 95–100°C for 5 minutes. Separate the beads and collect the supernatant for subsequent electrophoresis. 3.2 Chemical / non-denaturing elution (preserves protein activity): After the final wash, separate the beads using a magnetic stand or low-speed centrifugation, depending on the bead type, and remove residual wash buffer as completely as possible to prevent dilution of the eluate. Add an appropriate amount of acidic elution buffer / high-salt elution buffer to the beads and resuspend them thoroughly. Mix gently and incubate briefly at room temperature to allow the immunocomplex to dissociate from the beads. Separate the beads with a magnetic stand or low-speed centrifugation, and transfer the eluate to a collection tube pre-filled with an appropriate amount of neutralization buffer; adjust the pH if necessary. To improve recovery, elution may be repeated and the eluates pooled. The composition and volume of the elution buffer and neutralization buffer should be determined according to the instructions for the beads and kit used. 3.3 Post-elution sample handling For protein activity assays, native protein complex analysis, or other non-denaturing analyses: do not add SDS sample loading buffer; keep the sample on ice and proceed to the subsequent experiment as quickly as possible. For SDS-PAGE or Western blot: add SDS sample loading buffer to the neutralized or desalted eluate to a final concentration of 1×, and then process the sample according to the subsequent electrophoresis requirements. Select appropriate storage conditions according to the stability of the target protein and the requirements of downstream experiments, and avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Downstream Analysis Western blot analysis: Take the supernatant and perform SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by membrane transfer. It is recommended to use light- and heavy-chain-specific or conformation-specific secondary antibodies to avoid interference of the immunoglobulin heavy/light chain bands (50 kDa / 25 kDa) with detection of the target protein. It is recommended to include Input, isotype control IgG-IP, and target antibody-IP samples on the same Western blot; if necessary, a beads-only control may also be added to evaluate immunoprecipitation efficiency and non-specific binding. Kinase activity assay (if applicable): skip the denaturation step, wash the beads with kinase buffer, then add substrate and ATP directly to perform the kinase reaction. Note: All lysis and immunoprecipitation procedures should be performed at 4°C or on ice to preserve the native conformation of proteins as much as possible and prevent their degradation.

Experimental Procedure:

Reagents and Preparation

1. Basic buffers: 1× PBS or 1× TBS (pre-chilled on ice); 1× cell lysis buffer (add 1 mM PMSF protease inhibitor immediately before use; add phosphatase inhibitors for phosphoproteins).

2. Capture medium: Protein A/G magnetic beads or agarose beads (Sepharose beads).

3. Controls: Use an isotype control IgG matching the host species and IgG subclass of the primary antibody, at the same concentration. It is recommended to reserve a portion of the cell lysate that has not been subjected to immunoprecipitation as the Input control; if necessary, a beads-only control (beads added without antibody) may also be included.

4. Loading and elution reagents: 3× or 4× SDS sample loading buffer (containing DTT/reducing agent); if non-denaturing elution is to be performed, prepare the corresponding elution buffer and neutralization buffer separately; for denaturing elution, 1× PBS is typically used to dilute the 3× or 4× SDS sample loading buffer to 1×.

Cell Lysis and Sample Preparation (Native Protein Extraction)

1. Cell harvesting: Discard the culture medium and wash the cells once with ice-cold 1× PBS.

2. Cell lysis: Add 0.5–1 mL of ice-cold 1× cell lysis buffer to a 10-cm culture dish and incubate on ice for 5–10 minutes.

3. Lysate collection and clarification: Scrape the cells and transfer the lysate to a microcentrifuge tube. Some adherent cells may require detachment using digestive enzymes or mechanical methods. Centrifuge at 14,000 rpm at 4°C for 5–15 min. Collect the supernatant as the clarified cell lysate. It is recommended to determine the protein concentration.

Pre-clearing and Immunoprecipitation Reaction

1. Pre-clearing of the lysate (recommended): Take an appropriate amount of beads (magnetic beads or agarose beads) and pre-wash 2–3 times with cell lysis buffer or 1× TBS/PBS. After pre-washing, it is recommended to remove the wash buffer as completely as possible before adding subsequent reagents, to avoid extra dilution of the sample. For lysis systems containing detergents or specific salt concentrations, prefer pre-washing with a buffer identical or compatible with the lysis buffer to minimize buffer-system mismatches.

2. Pre-clearing treatment: Mix the cell lysate with the pre-washed beads and incubate with rotation at room temperature for 30–60 min, or at 4°C with rotation for 1–2 h.

When using agarose beads, pellet the beads by centrifugation after incubation and collect the supernatant.

When using magnetic beads, separate the beads using a magnetic stand after incubation and collect the supernatant.

This step removes proteins that bind non-specifically to the beads. For unstable proteins, phosphoproteins, or protein complexes, incubation at 4°C is preferred to minimize protein degradation, dephosphorylation, or complex dissociation. Beads used for pre-clearing should generally not be pre-coupled with a specific antibody, to avoid loss of the target antigen.

3. Formation of the “bead–antibody–antigen” immunocomplex

Either of the following two approaches may be used:

3.1 Pre-form the antibody–antigen complex, then add the beads: Add an appropriate amount of primary antibody to the pre-cleared supernatant obtained in step 2, and set up an isotype control IgG group in parallel. Incubate with rotation at 4°C overnight (recommended), or at room temperature with rotation for 2 h, to allow formation of the antibody–antigen complex.

In parallel, take an appropriate amount of beads and pre-wash them as described in step 1 of this section. Add the antibody–antigen complex to the pre-washed magnetic or agarose beads and incubate with rotation at room temperature for 30 min–1 h, or at 4°C with rotation for 1–2 h, to allow the antibody–antigen complex to bind efficiently to the beads.

3.2 Pre-form the bead–antibody complex, then add the cell lysate: Dilute the primary antibody in cell lysis buffer at the dilution ratio recommended in the antibody instruction manual to prepare the antibody working solution. Add an appropriate amount of pre-washed magnetic beads to the antibody working solution and incubate with rotation at room temperature for 15 min, or at 4°C with rotation for 1 h, to form the bead–antibody complex.

Recover the beads by magnetic separation or centrifugation, discard the supernatant, and pre-wash the beads 2–3 times with 1× TBS. Then add the cell lysate and incubate with rotation at 4°C overnight (recommended), or at room temperature with rotation for 2 h.

Washing of the Precipitate and Sample Elution

1. Once immunoprecipitation is complete, separate the beads according to their type and discard the supernatant.

Magnetic beads are separated using a magnetic stand.

For agarose beads, low-speed centrifugation (500–1000 rpm) appropriate for the bead specifications should be used, to avoid bead compaction or damage caused by high-speed centrifugation.

2. Washing the beads: Gently wash the beads 3–5 times with ice-cold 1× cell lysis buffer or 1× TBS/TBST. Keep the temperature low throughout the washes. After each addition of wash buffer, mix gently to fully resuspend the beads; then separate the beads using a magnetic stand or appropriate centrifugation, depending on the bead type, and remove the wash buffer thoroughly to minimize unbound and non-specifically bound components. During each wash, remove as much supernatant as possible while avoiding aspiration of the beads. After the final wash, remove residual wash buffer as completely as possible to prevent dilution of the eluate or interference with downstream analyses. Keep the samples on ice after each wash.

3. Sample elution (choose one of the following):

3.1 Denaturing direct elution (most commonly used): Add SDS sample loading buffer to the bead pellet to a final concentration of 1×. If 3× or 4× SDS sample loading buffer is used, it must first be diluted to 1×. Mix well and heat at 95–100°C for 5 minutes. Separate the beads and collect the supernatant for subsequent electrophoresis.

3.2 Chemical / non-denaturing elution (preserves protein activity): After the final wash, separate the beads using a magnetic stand or low-speed centrifugation, depending on the bead type, and remove residual wash buffer as completely as possible to prevent dilution of the eluate. Add an appropriate amount of acidic elution buffer / high-salt elution buffer to the beads and resuspend them thoroughly. Mix gently and incubate briefly at room temperature to allow the immunocomplex to dissociate from the beads. Separate the beads with a magnetic stand or low-speed centrifugation, and transfer the eluate to a collection tube pre-filled with an appropriate amount of neutralization buffer; adjust the pH if necessary. To improve recovery, elution may be repeated and the eluates pooled. The composition and volume of the elution buffer and neutralization buffer should be determined according to the instructions for the beads and kit used.

3.3 Post-elution sample handling

For protein activity assays, native protein complex analysis, or other non-denaturing analyses: do not add SDS sample loading buffer; keep the sample on ice and proceed to the subsequent experiment as quickly as possible.

For SDS-PAGE or Western blot: add SDS sample loading buffer to the neutralized or desalted eluate to a final concentration of 1×, and then process the sample according to the subsequent electrophoresis requirements.

Select appropriate storage conditions according to the stability of the target protein and the requirements of downstream experiments, and avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.

Downstream Analysis

Western blot analysis: Take the supernatant and perform SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by membrane transfer. It is recommended to use light- and heavy-chain-specific or conformation-specific secondary antibodies to avoid interference of the immunoglobulin heavy/light chain bands (50 kDa / 25 kDa) with detection of the target protein. It is recommended to include Input, isotype control IgG-IP, and target antibody-IP samples on the same Western blot; if necessary, a beads-only control may also be added to evaluate immunoprecipitation efficiency and non-specific binding. Kinase activity assay (if applicable): skip the denaturation step, wash the beads with kinase buffer, then add substrate and ATP directly to perform the kinase reaction.

Note: All lysis and immunoprecipitation procedures should be performed at 4°C or on ice to preserve the native conformation of proteins as much as possible and prevent their degradation.

Datasheet & SDS

生物学的記述

Specificity
PARP1 Antibody (Rabbit mAb) [N4A5] detects endogenous levels of total full-length PARP1 and the large fragment (89 kDa) produced by caspase cleavage at Asp214.

タンパク質の局在
染色体、細胞質、細胞核

Uniprot ID
P09874

Clone
N4A5

Synonym(s)
ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+) \| ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1 \| ADP-ribosyltransferase NAD(+) \| ADPRT \| ADPRT 1 \| ADPRT1 \| ARTD1 \| DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1 \| NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 \| pADPRT-1 \| PARP \| PARP-1 \| PARP1 \| poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase \| poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 \| poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family \| member 1 \| Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 \| poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase \| poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 \| poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase \| poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase \| Poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 \| PPOL \| Protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1

Synonym(s)

Background
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) represent an emerging family of enzymes with the shared ability to catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose to target proteins, a process known as poly ADP-ribosylation. This enzyme family comprises at least 18 members encoded by different genes, all sharing homology in a conserved catalytic domain. PARP plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including DNA repair, transcription regulation, and modulation of chromatin structure. Specifically, PARP is pivotal in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER), facilitating the repair of DNA damage caused by alkylating agents and certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Upregulation of PARP is observed in certain cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and those expressing BRCA1 mutations. Consequently, inhibiting PARP may prove beneficial, particularly in combination with chemotherapy, as it can selectively sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents and induce tumor cell death.

Background

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) represent an emerging family of enzymes with the shared ability to catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose to target proteins, a process known as poly ADP-ribosylation. This enzyme family comprises at least 18 members encoded by different genes, all sharing homology in a conserved catalytic domain. PARP plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including DNA repair, transcription regulation, and modulation of chromatin structure. Specifically, PARP is pivotal in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER), facilitating the repair of DNA damage caused by alkylating agents and certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Upregulation of PARP is observed in certain cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and those expressing BRCA1 mutations. Consequently, inhibiting PARP may prove beneficial, particularly in combination with chemotherapy, as it can selectively sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents and induce tumor cell death.

References
[1] Morales J, et al. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2014;24(1):15-28.

PVDFメンブレン孔径参考表

Protein Size (kDa)	PVDF Transfer Membrane Pore Size (μm)
< 10	0.22
10-20	0.22
20-30	0.45
30-45	0.45
45-70	0.45
80-100	0.45
100-140	0.45
> 140	0.45

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Handling Instructions

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Protein Size (kDa)	Separating Gel Percentage
4-40	20%
12-45	15%
10-70	12.5%
15-100	10%
25-100	8%
60-210	5%