天然化合物製品

ハイスループットなふるい分けとゲノミクスが浸透するずっと前の時代では、薬の発見は天然物に頼っていました。実際、現在利用できる薬の多くは、天産物から抽出された活性成分を含んでいます。1994年時点ではすべての薬のほぼ半分が天然物でした。さらに、2005～2007年には医薬品市場に以下の5つの新製品を含む天産物に基づく13の新薬が誕生しました（小分子イクサべピロン、软膏、トラベクテジンとペプチド・エキセナチドとジコノチド）。 このことから、天産物由来の薬剤発見は医薬品産業において新しい治療法の臨床開発のために重要な役割を果たしています。

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天然化合物ライブラリー
製品コード 製品名 製品説明
S5145 Protoporphyrin IX Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a heterocyclic organic compound, which consists of four pyrrole rings, and is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
S5288 Estropipate Estropipate is a natural estrogenic substance composed of estrone sulfate and piperazine and is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
S3917 Tetrahydrocurcumin Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, possesses strong antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.
S5675 Yamogenin Yamogenin, a sapogenin found in fenugreek, inhibits lipid accumulation through the suppression of gene expression in fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes.
S5373 Pseudolaric Acid B Pseudolaric Acid B, a natural diterpenoid compound isolated from the root and trunk bark of Pseudolaric kaempferi Gordon, has anti-fungal and anti-fertility properties.
S5676 Zearalenone  
S5678 trans-Zeatin-riboside Zeatin Riboside is the most active and ubiquitous form of the naturally occurring cytokinins that promote cell division, stimulate shoot proliferation, inhibit root formation, slow the aging process, and activate gene expression and metabolic activity.
S5705 Raceanisodamine Raceanisodamine is the active ingredient of Chinese herbal extracts that has vasoactive activity used to treat acute disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients in bacteremic shock.
S2348 Rotenone (Barbasco) Rotenone is a botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport.
S3843 Madecassoside Madecassoside is the main active triterpene constituent of Centella asiatica herbs, a traditional Chinese medicine for wound healing and scar management.
S7939 Chetomin Chetomin is an inhibitor of HIF-1 by weaken transcription of HIF-1,disrupting the binding of HIF-1α and HIF-2α to p300 at low nanomolar concentrations.
S5560 Midecamycin Midecamycin is a naturally occuring macrolide antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
S5559 Tetrahydropalmatine Tetrahydropalmatine, a plant alkaloid used as an ingredient in dietary supplement products, is a potent and selective D1 receptor antagonist.
S5466 Saikosaponin A Saikosaponin A is a triterpene saponin derived from the medicinal plant, Bupleurum chinensis DC. (Umbelliferae). It has a variety of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-bacterial activities.
S5622 Prohydrojasmon Prohydrojasmon is a newly launched plant growth regulator, which has jasmonic acid activity.
S5493 Atropine sulfate Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, which is a natural alkaloid anticholinergic agent and has potent antimuscarinic effects.
S5102 Stachyose Stachyose is a natural sugar found in many foods like beans and vegetables.
S3991 Ketoisophorone Ketoisophorone, also known as 4-Oxoisophorone, is the major component of saffron spice.
S3992 D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar. It is thought to provide plants and animals with the ability to withstanding periods of dehydration.
S3993 Ethyl Vanillate Ethyl vanillin, a vanillin analog, is a flavouring agent that exhibits strong antioxidant activity.
S3994 Methyl Cholate Methyl Cholate is methyl ester form of Cholic acid that is a primary bile acid mainly produced by the liver.
S3995 Guaiazulene Guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile oil, which also serve as its commercial sources.
S3996 Thioctic acid Thioctic acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form.
S3998 (+)-α-Lipoic acid R(+)-α-lipoic acid, a physiological form of thioctic acid, is a strong antioxidant that relieves diabetic neuropathic symptoms. It shows superior antioxidative effects to its racemate.
S5157 Thymol Thymol, a naturally occurring monocyclic phenolic compound derived from Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory property in vivo and vitro.
S5161 1-Octacosanol 1-Octacosanol is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is used as a nutritional supplement. It is reported to possess cholesterol-lowering effects, antiaggregatory properties, cytoprotective use, and ergogenic properties.
S5172 1-Triacontanol 1-Triacontanol is a fatty alcohol found in plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax. It is a growth stimulant for many plants, most notably roses.
S5143 Citropten Citropten is a natural organic compound which belongs to coumarins and derivatives class.
S5142 D-(+)-Melezitose Melezitose, also spelled melicitose, is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap eating insects.
S5141 Pyrithioxin Pyritinol (Pyrithioxin) is a neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.
S5132 Casanthranol Casanthranol is a purified mixture of te antranol glycosides derived from Cascara sagrada.
S5129 D-Aspartic acid D-Aspartic acid (D-Asp) is an endogenous amino acid occurring in several tissues and cells of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It can regulate testosterone synthesis and may act on a stimulatory receptor (NMDA).
S5128 Orsellinic acid ethyl ester Orsellinic acid, a phenolic acid, is of importance in the biochemistry of lichens, from which it can be extracted.
S4954 Djenkolic Acid Djenkolic Acid is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid extracted from djenkol beans. It is toxic to humans, often causing kidney failure.
S4827 Manganese chloride Manganese chloride occurs in nature as the mineral. It is used as a precursor for other manganese compounds.
S3964 Mucic Acid Mucic Acid (Galactaric acid) is the dicarboxylic sugar acid resulting from oxidation glactose with dilute nitric acid. It is a substrate of galactarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase.
S4969 Tropine Tropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid that serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, many of which have potent neurological actions.
S4940 Maltol Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound that is flavour enhancer and flavouring agent.
S4859 TriacetonaMine TriacetonaMine, a member of the class of compounds known as piperidinones, is an extremely weak acidic compound found in green vegetables and tea.
S4863 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a chemical compound found in olive oil and beer, is an intermediate used to synthesize atenolol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
S4864 2-Furoic acid 2-Furoic acid is an organic compound most widely found in food products as a preservative and a flavoring agent.
S4949 Nonanoic acid Nonanoic acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid found in both vegetable and animal fats.
S4862 Squalene Squalene, a naturally occurring substance found in plants, animals and humans, is a component of some adjuvants that is added to vaccines to enhance the immune response.
S4943 Isovanillin Isovanillin is a reversible inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. It is largely used as pharmaceutical intermediates and also applied in food and beverage industry, synthetic fragrances, chemical.
S4951 L-Threonine L-Threonine is an essential amino acid which is in its active form. It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver and lipotropic function when combined with aspartic acid and methionine.
S4952 Fumaric acid Fumaric acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle used by cells to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from food; also a product of the urea cycle.
S4953 Usnic acid Usnic acid is a furandione found uniquely in lichen that is used widely in cosmetics, deodorants, toothpaste and medicinal creams as well as some herbal products. It exhibits antiviral, antiprotozoal, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
S4960 Jasmone Jasmone is a natural organic compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers.
S4957 Linalool Linalool, a monoterpene compound commonly found as major component of essential oils of several aromatic species, is a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors.
S4941 Farnesol Farnesol is a natural sesquiterpene alcohol that is potent in treating antimetabolic disorders, anti-inflammation, showing antioxidant, anticancer, and antibiotic effects.
S5122 Abietic Acid Abietic acid, an abietane diterpenoid, inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase with an IC50 of 29.5 ± 1.29 μM.
S5126 Aleuritic Acid Aleuritic Acid, a major constituent acid of lac resin (shellac), is isolated from the resin and mainly used in the perfumery industry as a starting material for the preparation of "musk" aroma compounds as well as medicinal and bioactive compounds.
S5134 D(-)-Arabinose D-Arabinose is a reducing sugar useful as a substrate in analysis of arabinose isomerases and synthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid in yeast.
S5135 Hydroferulic acid Hydroferulic acid, also known as Dihydroferulic acid, is classified as a member of the phenylpropanoic acids. It is slightly soluble in water and acidic.
S4828 Sodium carbonate Sodium Carbonate is the disodium salt of carbonic acid with alkalinizing property.
S4938 Cedrol Cedrol, a natural occuring sesquiterpene alcohol, is a potent competitive inhibitor of CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase with inhibition constant (Ki) value of 0.9 μM. It also inhibits CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with a Ki value of 3.4 μM while only weakly inhibits CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 activities.
S4939 cis-Aconitic acid Cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid.
S4946 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta, also a product of human aspirin metabolism. It is a potentially useful iron-chelating drug and has antimicrobial properties.
S4962 Agmatine sulfate Agmatine sulfate is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It has been shown to increase nitric oxide, reduce blood sugar levels and even increase growth hormone levels.
S4893 Cytosine Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA used in storing and transporting genetic information within a cell.
S4958 Glycocholic acid Glycocholic acid is a natural secondary bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.
S4820 Diastase Diastase, a natural enzyme, catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose.
S4959 Skatole Skatole (3-Methylindole) is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound that occurs naturally in feces. It has a fairly broad bacteriostatic effect.
S4963 Purpurin Purpurin is one of the natural colorants extracted from madder roots and other Rubiaceae family plants. It exhibits anti-angiogenic, antifungal, antibiotic, and antioxidative activities.
S4966 4-Methylesculetin 4-methylesculetin is one of the coumarin derivatives with great anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
S4968 Cholesteryl Acetate Cholesteryl Acetate, present in diverse fluids, organs, and foods, is a natural and normal human cholesteryl ester.
S4830 Maltose Maltose, an non-essential nutrient that provides energy, is an intermediate in the intestinal digestion of glycogen and starch, and is found in germinating grains (and other plants and vegetables).
S5160 4-Methoxysalicylic acid 4-Methoxysalicylic acid, an arabinose derivative, is used in the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.
S5162 Isovanillic acid Isovanillic acid, a metabolite of isovanillin, is a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.
S5163 7-Methoxycoumarin 7-Methoxycoumarin, also known as Herniarin, is a methoxy derivative of coumarin and substrate for dealkylase. It has been used in the synthesis of anti-first-pass effect compounds and detergents.
S3950 Maltitol Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) used as a sugar substitute. It is especially useful in the production of sweets, including sugarless hard candies, chewing gum, chocolates.
S3951 Tannic acid Tannic acid, a polyphenolic compound, is a CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitor with antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity.
S5113 Propyl gallate Propyl gallate is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils, also in a wide variety of cosmetics and beauty care products.
S4799 Indole-3-acetic acid Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development.
S5167 Benzyl cinnamate Benzyl cinnamate, a flavouring agent isolated from various plant species, is used in heavy oriental perfumes and as a fixative.
S5168 Anthraquinone Anthraquinones are the main active constituents in herbs often used to relieve constipation.
S5174 Kojic acid Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite that inhibits tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 30.6 µM for mushroom tyrosinase. It is a synthetic intermediate used for production of food additives.
S5175 (-)-Ambroxide Ambroxide, a naturally occurring terpenoid, is one of the key constituents responsible for the odor of ambergris and an autoxidation product of ambrein.
S4762 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is a plant metabolite that can act as a qualitative reagent for ferric iron.
S4765 Syringaldehyde Syringaldehyde is an organic compound that occurs naturally in trace amounts. It possesses worthy bioactive properties and is, therefore, used in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles, pulp and paper industries, and even in biological control applications.
S4768 Melibiose Melibiose is a nondigestible disaccharide that consists of one galactose and one glucose moiety in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.
S5110 Safflower Yellow Safflor Yellow (SY), the main active constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Safflower, is known as a neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation.
S5116 Bilibubin Bilirubin is a tetrapyrrole and a breakdown product of heme catabolism that acts as a physiological, chain-breaking antioxidant.
S4769 L-5-Hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan, is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
S4770 Creatine phosphate disodium salt Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.
S4771 β-thujaplicin β-Thujaplicin (β-TH, Hinokitiol) is a toxic tropolone derivative present in the heartwood of western red cedar (Thuja plicata) and is used as a preservative and antimicrobial additive in a number of commercial goods.
S4772 alpha-Asarone Alpha (α)-asarone is one of the main pharmacologically active compounds present in Acorus calamus Linn (Acoraceae), Acorus tatarinowii Schott (Acoraceae), and Acorus gramineus Solander. It has anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and nootropic effects.
S4773 Adrenosterone Adrenosterone is endogenous steroid hormone that has been promoted as a dietary supplement capable of reducing body fat and increasing muscle mass.
S4774 Xanthurenic Acid Xanthurenic acid, a molecule arising from tryptophan metabolism by transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine, activates mGlu2/3 Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3).
S4776 Harmaline Harmaline, a natural occurrence β-carboline alkaloid, is a central nervous system stimulant and an acetylcholinesterase (AChR) inhibitor; also inhibits histamine N-methyltransferase.
S4777 Plumbagin Plumbagin, a quinoid constituent isolated from the root of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L, exerts anticancer and antiproliferative activities in animal models and in cell culture.
S3896 (1R,2R)-trans-N-Boc-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (1R,2R)-trans-N-Boc-1,2-cyclohexanediamine is an intermediate in organic synthesis.
S3897 (-)-Arctigenin (-)-Arctigenin, a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae, exerts biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer.
S4781 Xanthoxyline Xanthoxylin, isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree), is a cytotoxic and fungicidal compound with the characteristics of a typical phytoalexin.
S3899 Hederagenin Hederagenin is a highly water insoluble triterpenoid compound that can be found in various plants including Hedera helix and Chenopodium quinoa. It exhibits a variety of biological activities, including potent antitumor properties both in vitro and in vivo.
S3900 Betulonic acid Betulonic acid, derived from betulinol, a pentacyclic styrene, has shown a highly specific anti-prostate cancer activity in in vitro cell cultures.
S4783 Benzyl isothiocyanate Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is an isothiocyanate originally found in cruciferous vegetables that exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic, antibiotic, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and chemopreventive activities.
S3902 Ursonic acid Ursonic acid, present in many plants, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that can be used as a cosmetics additive and serve as a starting material for synthesis of more potent bioactive derivatives, such as experimental antitumor agents.
S4784 Phloracetophenone Phloracetophenone, or 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THA), the aglycone component of phloracetophenone glucoside, is a naturally occurring compound obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma comosa (Family Zingiberaceae).
S3903 Lycorine Lycorine is a toxic crystalline alkaloid found in various Amaryllidaceae species that weakly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ascorbic acid biosynthesis.
S3904 Isoimperatorin Isoimperatorin, a natural furanocoumarin that can be isolated from a variety of plant parts, has analgesic, antimicrobial, vascular relaxing and anticancer activities.
S3905 Iso-Steviol Isosteviol (ISV) is mainly obtained by acid hydrolysis of stevioside, the sweet food additive extracted from the plant Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni (Bertoni). It possesses various biological activities including anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
S4787 Methyl syringate Methyl syringate, a plant phenolic compound, is a specific and selective TRPA1 agonist.
S4788 L-α-Phosphatidylcholine L-α-phosphatidylcholine, a surfactant and a constituent of the liposomal carrier system, has shown hepatoprotection in the various hepatotoxicity model.
S4791 S-allyl-L-cysteine S-Allyl cysteine (SAC), a natural constituent of fresh garlic, has antioxidant and anticancer properties in animals.
S4792 N-Acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in mammalian cells. Sialic acids are negatively charged monosaccharides attached to the end of sugar chains, giving rise to a wide variety of glycoproteins and glycolipids in biological fluids and cell membranes.
S4793 Cedryl acetate Cedryl Acetate, an acetylated from cedarwood oil, has been applied to chemistry for its properties as a chiral and cell signaling reagent with antifungal and immunotoxicity functions.
S4800 Daminozide Daminozide, a plant growth regulator, selectively inhibits the KDM2/7 JmjC subfamily with IC50 of 1.5±0.7 μM for KDM2A. It is at least 100-fold selective as an inhibitor of the KDM2/7 subfamily over the other demethylase subfamily members tested, with IC50s of 2 μM or less against KDM2A, PHF8, and KIAA1718 and IC50s of 127 μM for KDM3A or greater (mM range) against other demethylases.
S4809 3-Indolepropionic acid 3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA), a gut microbial metabolite, is a potent neuroprotective antioxidant and plant auxin.
S5124 DL-Citrulline L-Citrulline (Cit) is a naturally occurring nonessential amino acid which is the key intermediate in the urea cycle.
S5136 Calcium folinate Calcium folinate is a metabolically active, reduced form of folic acid that is rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized in the liver to other folic acid derivatives.
S3980 Pyridoxine Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, is a form of vitamin B6 found commonly in food and used as dietary supplement. It is a cofactor for both glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA transaminase.
S3967 Flavone Flavone, a class of flavonoids, mainly found in spices and red or purple plant foods with antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, estrogenic, acetyl cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory activities and are also used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders etc.
S3975 Protocatechuic acid Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a dihydroxybenzoic acid, is a type of widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid.
S3976 Acetylvanillin Acetylvanillin, also known as Vanillin acetate, is found in pulses and is a flavouring material.
S3977 (-)-Borneol (-)-Borneol, one of enantiomers of borneol, has a camphoraceous and evident woody odor.
S4821 Glycine Glycine is a non-essential, non-polar, non-optical, glucogenic amino acid that is primarily found in gelatin and silk fibroin. It is involved in the body's production of DNA, phospholipids and collagen, and in release of energy.
S4826 Aluminium hydroxide Aluminium hydroxide, found in nature as the mineral gibbsite, is amphoteric (i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties). It is used to treat symptoms of increased stomach acid, such as heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach, or acid indigestion; also reduce phosphate levels in people with certain kidney conditions.
S3986 L(+)-Arabinose L-Arabinose (l-Ara) is a plant saccharide that is not found in animals. It is a component of cell wall and may be useful as a natural pharmaceutical.
S3987 L-Tryptophan L-tryprophan is an essential amino acid that acts like a natural mood regulator that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults.
S3989 L-Hisidine L-Hisidine is an α-amino acid needed in humans for growth and tissue repair. It is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
S3990 Trans-Anethole Trans-anethole is a phenylpropene derivative found in many essential oils, including anise oil. It has neuromodulatory, anxiolytic, antioxidative, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities.
S4972 Choline Glycerophosphate Choline Glycerophosphate is a choline derivative and one of the two major forms of choline storage (along with phosphocholine) in the cytosol.
S4981 Cyclogalegenol Cyclogalegenol, the aglycone derivative of astragaloside A, is found in various species of Astragalus and may activate telomerase.
S4982 2,2'?',2''-Terthiophene 2,2':5',2''-Terthiophene is a natural product occurring in marigold which shows UV-enhanced antibiotic activity.
S4983 Sorbic acid Sorbic acid is a naturally occurring compound that originated from the unripe berries of the Rowan Tree. It inhibits various bacteria, including sporeformers, at various stages of their life cycle (germination, outgrowth and cell division).
S2323 Methyl-Hesperidin Methyl Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside (flavonoid) (C28H34O15) found abundantly in citrus fruits. Its aglycone form is called hesperetin.
S5090 4-Isopropylbenzyl Alcohol 4-Isopropylbenzyl Alcohol, isolated from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, is a compound with insect repellent properties.
S5091 Geranyl acetate Geranyl acetate is a natural organic compound that is used primarily as a component of perfumes for creams and soaps and as a flavoring ingredient.
S5083 Lentinan Lentinan, isolated and purified from a hot water extract of Lentinula edodes fruit bodies, is a fungal polysaccharide immunomodulator with anti-tumor effects.
S5089 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde Cuminaldehyde (4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde), a natural organic compound, is a kind of pharmaceutical intermediate with a pleasant smell and contributes to the aroma of essential oils.
S5086 p-Anisaldehyde p-Anisaldehyde (4-methoxybenzaldehyde), an extract from Pimpinella anisum seeds, exhibits antifungal activity against a number of yeast and mold strains in laboratory media, fruit purees and fruit juices.
S5220 D-Pantethine Pantethine is a naturally occurring compound synthesized in the body from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) via addition of cysteamine and used as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides.
S3982 Batyl alcohol Batyl alcohol, isolated from shark liver oil, is also present in yellow bone marrow of animals and has been described as an inflammatory agent.
S5156 4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde 4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde, a naturally occurring product, has a range of industrial applications in the preparation of organic compounds, drugs and therapeutic agents.
S5154 Tetrahydropiperine Tetrahydropiperine, derived from piperine, can be used to treat convulsion, epilepsy, relieve pain, and control insects.
S5153 Tetrahydroberberine Tetrahydroberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with micromolar affinity for dopamine D2 (antagonist, pKi = 6.08) and 5-HT1A (agonist, pKi = 5.38) receptors but moderate to no affinity for other relevant serotonin receptors.
S5155 Raffinose Raffinose is a complex carbohydrate, a trisaccharide composed of galactose, fructose, and glucose. It can be broken apart into galactose and sucrose via the enzyme alpha-galactosidase.
S5152 Breviscapinun Breviscapine, a flavonoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Erigerin breviscapus, exerts a broad range of cardiovascular pharmacological effects, including vasodilation and protection against ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R).
S5226 L-carnosine L-carnosine is an antioxidant naturally found in skeletal muscle, brain tissue, and the heart that protects cells against oxidative stress.
S3970 Vindoline Vindoline is a chemical precursor to vinblastine and exhibits antimitotic activity by inhibiting microtubule assembly.
S5570 Arachidic acid Arachidic acid is a natural saturated fatty acid used for the production of detergents, photographic materials and lubricants.
S3971 Fusidine Fusidine, isolated from Fusidium coccineum, is a steroidal antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis.
S3972 Lobeline hydrochloride Lobeline hydrochloride is an alkaloid that acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent than nicotine. It is also a VMAT2 ligand and an antagonist of μ-opioid receptors.
S5562 2-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 2-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (Salicyl alcohol), which can be found in a number of food items such as red huckleberry, rye, jerusalem artichoke, and ceylon cinnamon, is precursor of salicylic acid and is formed from salicin by enzymatic hydrolysis by Salicyl-alcohol beta-D-glucosyltransferase or by acid hydrolysis.
S5318 Acacetin Acacetin is a flavonoid compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-peroxidative effects.
S2254 4-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin(NSC-122819,VM-26) 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin is an antimitotic agent which binds to monomeric tubulin, preventing micro-tubule polymerization. It is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly.
S5335 Corey Lactone Diol Corey Lactone Diol is a pharmaceutical intermediate.
S5336 Hecogenin Hecogenin, a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana, is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of UGT1A4 with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM.
S5338 L(-)-Sorbose L(-)-Sorbose is a ketose sugar that is commonly used in the commercial synthesis of ascorbic acid.
S5526 β-Alanine β-Alanine is a naturally occurring beta amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. It acts as a neurotransmitter by activating glycine and GABA receptors.
S5343 Vanillic acid Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent which is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid.
S5337 Rauwolscine hydrochloride Rauwolscine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of Rauwolscine, a specific and potent α2 antagonist with Ki of 12 nM.
S5342 Dihydrojasmone Dihydrojasmone, belonging to the family of ketones, is an aroma compound for perfumery uses.
S5339 4-Allylanisole 4-Allylanisole (Estragole) is a natural organic compound that is a component of various trees and plants. It is used in the preparation of fragrances.
S3785 Notoginsenoside R1 Notoginsenoside R1 is the main ingredient with cardiovascular activity in Panax notoginseng. It inhibits TNF-α-induced PAI-1 overexpression via extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathways.
S5345 Nerolidol Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. It has diverse range of pharmacological and biological activities including antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, anti-ulcer, skin penetration enhancer, anti-tumor, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties.
S5347 2-Phenylethylamine 2-Phenylethylamine is a natural monoamine alkaloid that functions as a monoaminergic neuromodulator or a neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system.
S5348 Pherocon (4-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) Pherocon (4-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) is a standard melon fly attractant for detection programs.
S5440 Berberine Sulfate Berberine sulfate, an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
S3772 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an important bio-sourced intermediate, formed from carbohydrates such as glucose or fructose and used for production of fuels and chemical intermediates.
S3792 Guggulsterone E&Z Guggulsterone is one of the active constituent of Commiphora mukul. It occurs in two isomeric forms, namely Z-GS and E-GS. Guggulsterone act as antagonist ligands for the bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor, and as active ingredients responsible for the hypolipidemic activity.
S5407 Squalane Squalane is a naturally occuring lipid in both plants and animals. It is usually used as an emollient and moisturizer in cosmetics manufacturing.
S3805 Stevioside Stevioside is a natural sweetener extracted from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni.
S5583 Cinnamyl acetate Cinnamyl acetate is a naturally occuring compound used as a flavouring agent.
S5584 Citronellol Citronellol, a constituent of rose and geranium oils, is used in perfumes and insect repellents.
S5419 1,4-Cineole  
S3894 Cycloastragenol Cycloastragenol is a saponin comprising a group of oil glucosides naturally present in a number of plants. It is a potent telomerase activator in neuronal cells.
S5380 7-Hydroxyflavone 7-Hydroxyflavone is a potent inhibitor of CYP1A1 with a Ki value of 0.015 μM and exhibits 6-fold greater selectivity for CYP1A1 over CYP1A2. It also has excellent antioxidant properties and great potential to be applied as medicines.
S3895 Sophoridine Sophoridine, a natural product obtained from medicinal plants, has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer and anti-arrhythmia, and affects the immune and central nervous systems.
S5381 Behenic Acid Behenic Acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that exists naturally as a triglyceride in canola. It act as a lubricant that helps restore the skin's natural oils and improve overall levels of hydration.
S5429 Diallyl sulfide Diallyl sulfide, a thioether found naturally in garlic, is a selective inhibitor and also a substrate of CYP2E1 with an IC50 of 17.3 μM. It has protective effects against alcohol- and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in many studies.
S3849 D-Galactose D-Galactose is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.
S3850 Glucosamine sulfate Glucosamine sulfate is a dietary supplement commonly used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. It is a type of glycosaminoglycan, which is a naturally occurring major component of joint cartilage and joint fluid.
S3851 Camphor Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially cinnamomum camphora and used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
S3852 L-Theanine L-Theanine is a relaxing and nondietary amino acid found pretty much exclusively in teas from Camellia sinensis and is known to promote relaxation without sedation.
S3854 Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the Corydalis genus (Yan Hu Suo), but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda. It is a potent muscle relaxant.
S3855 Ethyl ferulate Ethyl ferulate is the alkyl ester derivative of ferulic acid which is a naturally occurring plant product with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antiproliferative activities.
S3856 Allantoin Allantoin, produced from uric acid, is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms including animals, plants and bacteria.
S3857 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an important phenolic constituent of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), has been shown to have many beneficial effects in different animal models of neurological disorders, such as, headaches, convulsive behavior, dizziness, and vertigo.
S3858 Lawsone Lawsone is a red-orange dye present in the leaves of the henna plant (Lawsonia inermis) as well as in the flower of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).
S3859 Vanillyl Alcohol Vanillyl alcohol, derived from vanillin, is used to flavor food.
S5618 Hippuric acid Hippuric Acid is an acyl glycine produced by the conjugation of benzoic acid and glycine, found as a normal component in urine as a metabolite of aromatic compounds from food.
S3862 Gallic acid trimethyl ether Gallic acid trimethyl ether (Eudesmic acid) is an O-methylated trihydroxybenzoic acid that is found in olive.
S3864 Dulcitol Galactitol (dulcitol) is a naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose.
S3865 Taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid formed in the liver of most species, is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
S3866 Galanthamine Galantamine is a phenanthrene alkaloid and a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.35 μM, exhibits 50-fold selectivity against butyryl-cholinesterase. It is studied as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
S3867 Cardamonin Cardamonin is a naturally occurring chalcone with strong anti-inflammatory activity. It is a novel TRPA1 antagonist with IC50 of 454 nM and also a NF-kB inhibitor.
S3868 Harmine Harmine is an alkaloid of the β-carboline family that regulates PPARγ expression through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. It also selectively binds to MAO-A and reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) but not the variant MAO-B.
S3870 D-Pinitol D-pinitol is a naturally occurring compound derived from soy and has significant pharmacological activitites such as inhibition of the T-helpercell-1 response, antiviral, larvicidal, antiinflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, inhibition of ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and antioxidant.
S3872 Guaiacol Guaiacol is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. It is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenoland vanillin.
S5636 Methyl furan-2-carboxylate Methyl furan-2-carboxylate (Methyl 2-furoate) is found in cocoa and cocoa products. It is used in food flavouring and preparation of sesquiterpene lactone.
S5461 Cimicifugoside Cimicifugoside is a triterpenoid originating from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga simplex, and acts to inhibit the subcellular transport of nucleosides.
S5454 Saikosaponin D Saikosaponin D, a calcium mobilizing agent (SERCA inhibitor), is a type of Saponin derivative, which is a component extracted from Bupleurum falactum. Saikosaponin D has anti-cancer activities.
S3981 Sinapinic Acid Sinapinic acid, or sinapic acid is a small naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid which belongs to phenylpropanoid family and commonly used as matrix in MALDI mass spectrometry.
S3983 Caryophyllene oxide "Caryophyllene oxide, an oxygenated terpenoid existed in many plant essential oil, is well known as preservative in food, drugs and cosmetics with anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and skin enhan- cing properties. "
S3984 Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic antioxidant found in the leaves and twigs of the evergreen desert shrub, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville (creosote bush). It is a recognized inhibitor of lipoxygenase (LOX) and has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
S5105 Proanthocyanidins Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins, are a class of polyphenols found in a variety of plants. They are very powerful antioxidants that remove harmful free oxygen radicals from cells.
S5148 2-Methylenebutyrolactone 2-Methylenebutyrolactone, also known as α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) (Tulipalin A), belongs to the class of sesquiterpene lactone family and is considered as cyclic analog of most common vinyl monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).
S5119 Olivetol Olivetol is a naturally occurring organic compound being a precursor in various syntheses of tetrahydrocannabinol. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2.
S5149 Soybean isoflavones Soy isoflavones are phytochemicals of intense interest due to their association with a variety of health protective effects.
S5150 Phytosterols Phytosterols, also called plant sterols or stanol esters, are specialized compounds found in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol found in humans.
S5151 Gypenoside Gypenoside (GP) is the predominant effective component of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and possesses capacities against inflammation and oxidation.
S3956 Tetramethylpyrazine Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine, TMP) is a natural compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.
S3957 Gamma-Oryzanol Gamma-oryzanol (GO), a nutriactive phytochemical naturally occurring in crude rice bran oil, is an antioxidant compound used to treat hyperlipidemia, disorders of menopause and to increase the muscle mass.
S3959 (+)-Borneol (+)-Borneol is one of enantiomers of borneol which is a valuable medical material, senior aromatic spice, and chemical material and has been used in food and also folk medicine.
S5140 Cinene Cinene (Limonene, Dipentene) is a clear, colorless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in oil of citrus fruit peels. It is usually used to make fragrances and flavors.
S3962 Dihydroactinidiolide Dihydroactinidiolide is known to be a bioactive molecule in animals. It is a component of pheromones in insects, such as red fire ants and in mammals such as the Cat and the Red Fox.
S3963 DL-Glutamine Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes.
S3968 Histamine Histamine, an organic nitrogenous compound, is involved in local immune responses regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. It is a potent H1 and H2 receptor agonist.
S5120 Elemicin Elemicin is a constituent of the oleoresin and the essential oil of Canarium luzonicum.
S5121 Phytol Phytol, a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα.
S5139 Methyl Dihydrojasmonate Methyl dihydrojasmonate is a flavouring ingredien with the smell vaguely similar to jasmin.
S5138 Citral Citral is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde present in the oils of several plants. It is an aroma compound used in perfumery for its citrus effect and is also used as a flavor and for fortifying lemon oil.
S4754 Betulin Betulin (BE), also known as betulinol, betuline, or betulinic alcohol, is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid naturally distributed in many plants and displays a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological properties such as anticancer and chemopreventive activity.
S3955 Uric Acid Uric Acid, a normal component of urine, is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides.
S3973 L-SelenoMethionine L-SelenoMethionine (SeMet), a naturally occurring amino acid, is a major food-form of selenium. It has been used as a supplement, and exhibits some important functions like cancer prevention and antioxidative defense.
S4766 Gibberellic acid Gibberellic acid (GA), a plant hormone stimulating plant growth and development, is a tetracyclic di-terpenoid compound.
S3948 Spermine Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria.
S2283 Cinchonine(LA40221) Cinchonine is an alkaloid and a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonidine.
S3761 Eucalyptol Eucalyptol is a natural organic compound which controls airway mucus hypersecretion and asthma via anti-inflammatory cytokine inhibition.
S3763 Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde is a flavonoid that is naturally synthesized by the shikimate pathway. Its supplementation can improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in diabetic animals; a TRPA1 agonist.
S3654 Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) that acts as a mitochondrial stabilizer and anti-apoptotic agent in several models of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, Parkinson's diseases (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD).
S3752 isoleucine Isoleucine is a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
S3753 L-Leucine Leucine is one of nine essential amino acids in humans which is important for protein synthesis and many metabolic functions. It contributes to regulation of blood-sugar levels; growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue; growth hormone production; and wound healing.
S3653 Spermidine trihydrochloride Spermidine, a natural polyamine produced from putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM) by spermidine synthase, is a novel autophagy inducer and negatively modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA).
S3754 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid and widely used in organic synthesis. It is the most widely distributed aromatic organic acid in the vegetable kingdom.
S3893 Bornyl acetate Bornyl acetate, the main volatile constituent in numerous conifer oils and some Chinese traditional herbs, exhibits anti-inflammatory property and it is used as an analgesic.
S3758 Cucoline hydrochloride, Kukoline hydrochloride, Sabianine A hydrochloride Sinomenine (SN), extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant, sinomenium acutum, is a potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.
S3755 Betaine Betaine, a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets, has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.
S3757 2'-Deoxyinosine 2'-deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
S3770 Sodium Aescinate Sodium aescinate (SA) is a widely-applied triterpene saponin product derived from horse chestnut seeds, possessing vasoactive and organ-protective activities with oral or injection administration in the clinic.
S3681 Vitamin E Acetate Vitamin E Acetate is the stable form of Vitamin E most often used in cosmetic formulations for its skin care benefits. It protects the cells against free radicals and prevents the peroxidation of body fats as an in-vivo antioxidant.
S3853 Perillyl alcohol Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants.
S3860 Allicin Allicin, the main biologically active component of the freshly crushed garlic extracts, possesses various biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic effects.
S3871 Muscone Muscone, a flavouring ingredient, is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk and also a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
S3762 Methylnonylketone Methylnonylketone, also known as 2-Undecanone and IBI-246, is a natural non-toxic insect repellant compound.
S3789 Tiglic acid Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. It is used in making perfumes and flavoring agents.
S3790 Methyl gallate Methyl Gallate is a plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.
S3791 Succinic acid Succinic acid is a crystalline organic acid which occurs in living tissue as an intermediate in glucose metabolism.
S3793 Phytic acid Phytic acid is the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially bran and seeds. It can act as a cofactor in DNA repair by nonhomologous end-joining.
S3794 Palmitic acid Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms with anti-tumor activity.
S3795 Phloretic acid Phloretic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound which can be produced by the hydrogenation of p-coumaric acid or synthesized from phloretin, a by-product of apple tree leaves.
S3796 Rebaudioside A Rebaudioside A (Stevia Extract), an natural sweetening ingredient extracted from the stevia leaf, is used in powder or liquid form to heighten sweetening intensity and improve taste.
S3797 Helicide Helicide (4-formylphenyl-O-β-d-allopyranoside), a main active constituent from seeds of the Chinese herb Helicia nilagirica, has been reported to exert a sedative, analgesic and hypnotic effect, and is used clinically to treat neurasthenic syndrome, vascular headaches and trigeminal neuralgia.
S3799 Gentisic acid Gentisic acid, an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation, has a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties.
S3717 Testosterone Enanthate Testosterone Enanthate is an androgen and anabolic steroid used in androgen replacement therapy.
S3802 Trigonelline Hydrochloride Trigonelline, a major alkaloid component of fenugreek, has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, antimigraine, sedative, memory-improving, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-tumor activities, and also has been shown to reduce diabetic auditory neuropathy and platelet aggregation.
S3803 Angelic acid Angelic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid that is mostly found in the plants of the family Apiaceae.
S3812 Monocrotaline Monocrotaline (MCT) is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) that causes a pulmonary vascular syndrome in rats characterized by proliferative pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale.
S3886 Quinic acid Quinic acid is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid.
S3887 L-Rhamnose monohydrate L-Rhamnose monohydrate is used as a starting material for the production of furanones. It is an important material involved in the reaction of flavors developed during the preparation of various foods like bread, grilled meats, etc.
S3742 Cholic acid Cholic acid is a naturally occurring bile acid that is insoluble in water and is used to treat patients with genetic deficiencies in the synthesis of bile acids.
S3679 Flavanone Flavanones show strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activity, and appear to be associated with a reduced risk of certain chronic diseases, the prevention of some cardiovascular disorders, and certain kinds of cancer. Flavanones also exhibit antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, beneficial effects on capillary fragility, and an ability to inhibit human platelet aggregation, anti-ulcer, and anti-allergenic properties.
S4808 L-Cystine L-Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid L-cysteine which is a non-essential amino acid of the human body. It is required for wound healing and formation of epithelial tissue.
S4811 VitaMin U Vitamin U (Methylmethionine chloride) is a vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.
S5107 Flavin mononucleotide Flavin mononucleotide is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors.
S5108 Tylosin Tylosin is a macrolide-class broad spectrum antibiotic that's used in veterinary medicine to treat felines, canines and livestock.
S3627 Tryptamine Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid and may play a role as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter. It is an agonist of hTAAR1. It acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA).
S3626 Sesamol Sesamol, a natural organic compound, is regarded as a major antioxidant component in the oil with chemoprevention, antimutagenic, and antihepatotoxic activities. It induces apoptosis of cancer and cardiovascular cells.
S3625 Tyramine Tyramine is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine and acts as a catecholamine releasing agent.
S3624 Quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid, a neuroactive metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is an agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.
S5578 Pentamethylenediamine Cadaverine is a foul-smelling diamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of lysine that occurs during protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue.
S3629 Syringic acid Syringic acid (SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. It has potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties.
S3630 Methyl Vanillate Methyl Vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces osteoblast differentiation in vitro.
S5362 Citicholine Citicholine is a naturally occurring compound that acts as nutrient with a broad spectrum of benefits for conditions associated with symptoms of neurological dysfunction. As an endogenous compound, it is also an essential intermediate in the synthesis of cell membrane phospholipids and its formation is the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
S3687 Urea Urea is a highly soluble organic compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
S5368 Lactitol Lactitol is a versatile, reduced calorie sweetener derived from natural milk sugar, used in a wide variety of sweetening applications.
S4955 Acetosyringone Acetosyringone is a phenolic natural product with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions.
S5571 L-Asparagine L-Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue.
S5594 α-Terpineol α-Terpineol, a natural monoterpene, is the major component of essential oils of several species of aromatic plants such as Origanium vulgare L. and Ocimum canum Sims which are widely used for medicinal purposes. It is widely used in the manufacturing of cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, antiseptic agents and is considered one of the most frequently used fragrance compounds.
S5576 Benzyl acetate Benzyl acetate, usually found in alcoholic beverages, is a flavouring agent.
S5585 Citronellal Citronellal, a monoterpenoid found in oil of citronella, lemon, and lemon grass, has insect repellent properties and is used in perfumes.
S5408 Isoprene Isoprene, also called 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is usually used as a chemical raw materia.
S5598 p-Cymene p-Cymene is a naturally occurring aromatic organic compound produced by high purity separate technique which is applied in distilling of gum turpentine oil.
S5580 Arabic gum Arabic gum, derived from exudates of Acacia senegal or Acacia seyal trees, is a complex polysaccharide indigestible to both humans and animals and considered as a safe dietary fiber.
S3675 Umbelliferone Umbelliferone is a 7-hydroxycoumarin that is a pharmacologically active agent. It is a fluorescing compound used as a sunscreen agent and shows good inhibitions of DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and ABTS radicals with anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycaemic, molluscicidal and anti-tumor activities.
S3677 Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid, a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid of low toxicity, induces cytostasis and a reversal of malignant properties of human tumor cells in vitro.
S3661 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, isolated from the leaves of Impatiens glandulifera, specifically suppressed the expression of PKC βI, δ, and ζ in a concentration-dependent manner in Raji cells.
S3652 3-Nitropropionic acid 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory Complex II succinate dehydrogenase, resulting in energy depletion through disruption of the electron transport chain.
S5513 Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate Calcium Saccharate is the calcium salt form of glucaric acid, a natural substance found in many fruits and vegetables, with potential anti-cancer property.
S5518 D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt is the disodium salt form of D-Glucose 6-phosphate, a common form of glucose within the cell, participating in two major metabolic pathways: glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. It can be coverted to glycogen or starch for storage.
S2416 Chondroitin sulfate Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of many connective tissues, including cartilage, bone, skin, ligaments and tendons. It reduces the IL-1β-induced nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) translocation in chondrocytes in vitro.
S5327 Meisoindigo Meisoindigo, a derivative of Indigo naturalis, is an active compound of a Chinese anti-leukemia medicine that has been effectively used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
S5599 Sodium cholate Sodium cholate (NaCh) is the sodium salt of the naturally occurring cholic acid, a bile salt produced by the liver, with strong solubilization capacity of water-insoluble substances.
S5575 2-Benzoxazolinone 2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA), a well-known allelochemical with strong phytotoxicity, is a potential herbicidal candidate and probably functions via interfering with auxins or disrupting membrane integrity.
S5579 Chelidonic acid Chelidonic acid is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals.
S5588 Creatine Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates. It facilitates the recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) primarily in muscle and brain tissue.
S3605 Borneol Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpenoid compound extracted from medicinal plants such as Blumea balsamifera, and Dryobalanops aromatica. It is a TRPM8 agonist that increases ocular surface wetness.
S5614 (+)-Longifolene (+)-Longifolene is a naturally occurring, oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins
S3619 Citicoline sodium Citicoline is an essential intermediate in the synthesis of the major phospholipid of the cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). It increases plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels and potentiates serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels by activating the central cholinergic system.
S5595 3-Carene 3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene which occurs naturally as a constituent of turpentine.
S5376 Decyl aldehyde Decanal is a naturally occuring organic compound that is used in fragrances and flavoring.
S5551 6-Paradol 6-Paradol is a minor constituent of ginger, mainly formed from 6-gingerol via 6-shogaol, and exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities.
S5379 Fenchyl Alcohol Fenchyl Alcohol is used as a flavoring agent to provide a pine, herbal, lemon, or floral taste to food and drink.
S5530 Geraniol Geraniol is a terpene alcohol occurring in the essential oils of several aromatic plants used in the flavour and fragrance industries. It also exhibits insecticidal and repellent properties and used as a natural pest control agent exhibiting low toxicity.
S5237 Dihydroartemisinic acid Dihydroartemisinic acid is a natural product from Artemisia annua and the main direct precursor of artemisinin, which is a medicinal herb that is widely used to treat Malaria.
S5516 Ellagic Acid hydrate Ellagic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 with IC50s of 0.04, 2.9 and 3.5 μM for CK2, Lyn and PKA respectively. It shows potent antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and antidepressant properties.
S3612 Rosmarinic acid Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated compound. It has the ability to block complement fixation, inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity and inhibit the expression of CCL11 and CCR3 by suppressing the IKK-β activity in NF-κB activation signaling.
S3609 Berbamine (dihydrochloride) Berbamine (BBM) is a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline product isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Berberis amurensis. It is a novel inhibitor of bcr/abl fusion gene with potent anti-leukemia activity and also an inhibitor of NF-κB.
S5459 Aucubin Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside existing in medicinal plants, has been reported to show an anti-inflammatory activity by suppression of TNF-α production in murine macrophages.
S5471 Monotropein Monotropein, an iridoids glycoside isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis How, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.
S5452 Sanguinarine chloride Sanguinarine, a plant alkaloid, is a potent and specific protein phosphatase (PP) 2C inhibitor.
S5458 Verbascoside Verbascoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside from lemon verbena, has several biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant.
S5467 Asarinin Asarinin, isolated as a racemate from the shrub Zanthoxylum alatum, is usually used as a dietary fat-reduction supplement.
S5455 Akebia saponin D Akebia saponin D, the most abundant constituent of the rhizome of Dipsacus asper, has been used for the treatment of lower back pain, traumatic hematoma and bone fractures.
S5553 Kasugamycin hydrochloride Kasugamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis, showing broad-spectrum anti-fungal activity against yeast and various fungus species.
S5529 Galangin Galangin, a naturally occuring flavonoid found in herbs, is a well-known antioxidant and also an inhibitor of CYP1A1 activity and an agonist/antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
S5453 Hyperoside Hyperoside, a naturally occuring flavonoid compound, exerts multiple bioactivities, including myocardial protection, anti-redox, and anti-inflammatory activities.
S5460 Vitexin-2-O-rhaMnoside Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside is one of the main components of flavonoid of the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var major N. E. Br. It has many biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidation and treating heart disease.
S5468 Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside, isolated from the herbs of Delphinium grandiflorum L., has insulin-like properties in terms of glucose lowering.
S5465 Morroniside Morroniside, an iridoid glycoside, is the main active ingredient from Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and Sambucus williamsii Hance. It has therapeutic effects on diabetic angiopathies, renal damage, lipid metabolism and inflammation and bone resorption.
S5463 Curcurbitacin IIA Cucurbitacin IIa (CuIIa) is the major active component of the Helmseya amabilis root and is known to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.
S5469 Bavachin Bavachin is a phytoestrogen purified from natural herbal plants such as Psoralea corylifolia. It acts as a weak phytoestrogen by binding and activating the ER.
S5462 5-O-Methylvisammioside 5-O-Methylvisammioside is a naturally occuring product isolated from Saposhnikovia Divaricata and has analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation effects.
S5451 Ferulic acid methyl ester Methyl ferulate is a lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid, which is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is abundant in plants. It shows the strongest antioxidant activity and can protect against inflammation and cancer.
S5456 Isobavachalcone Isobavachalcone, a naturally occurring chalcone compound derived from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L., has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine as anthelmintic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, astringent and antiplatelet agent.
S5512 Juglone Juglone, a natural naphthoquinone found in the black walnut and other plants, has moderate antifungal activity and growth-stimulating effects to many types of plants. It sometimes can be used as an herbicide, as a dye for cloth and inks, and as a coloring agent for foods and cosmetics.
S5312 Urolithin A Urolithin A, a metabolite of ellagitannin, is a first-in-class natural compound that induces mitophagy both in vitro and in vivo following oral consumption.
S3880 Schisantherin A Schisantherin A, also known as Gomisin C, is a dibenzocyclooctadiene that exhibits anti-tussive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and cardioprotective activities.
S3882 Brassinolide Brassinolide, a plant steroid isolated from Brassica napus pollen, promotes cell elongation and cell devision and thus regulates plant growth and development.
S2291 Diosgenin Diosgenin is a steroid sapogenin and the precursor for the semisynthesis of progesterone which in turn was used in early combined oral contraceptive pills; A weak PDE inhibitor.
S3776 Sophoricoside Sophoricoside (SOPH) is an isoflavone isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) with numerous pharmacological effects, including anti- inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive effects.
S5249 Coptisine chloride Coptisine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma with anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-hepatoma, and anti-leukemia effects.
S3814 Tubeimoside I Tubeimoside I (TBMS1), a triterpenoid saponin, isolated from the tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum, shows potent antitumor and antitumor-promoting effects.
S4937 4'-Hydroxychalcone 4'-Hydroxychalcone, found in herbs and spices and tea, is a member of the class of compounds known as retrochalcones. It has diverse biological activities, inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and activating BMP signaling.
S3879 kaempferide kaempferide, a natural compound derived from the roots of kaempferia galanga, has a variety of effects including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties.
S5049 Thiocolchicoside Thiocolchicoside is a natural occuring glycoside originated from the flower seeds of superba gloriosa with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties as well as pronounced convulsant activity. It is also an antagonist of GABAA receptor.
S8279 Shikonin Shikonin, a potent and specific Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. It is also an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channel activity using cell-based fluorescent-quenching assay.
S3822 Schisandrin A Schisandrin A (Sch A) is an active component of Schisandrae Fructus with liver-protective, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. It is an agonist of the adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) with the IC50 value of 3.5 μM.
S4738 Arctiin Arctiin acts on an agonists of the adiponectin receptor 1 with anti-cancer effects.
S3807 Dehydroandrographolide Dehydroandrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees (Chuan-xin-lian), is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity.
S8132 Deguelin Deguelin, a natural product isolated from plants in the Mundulea sericea family, is an PI3K/AKT Inhibitor.
S3942 Cardamonin Cardamonin, isolated from the fruits of Alpinia species, is a chalconoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. It has been shown to be a novel antagonist of hTRPA1 cation channel with IC50 of 454 nM while does not interact with TRPV1 nor TRPV4 channel.
S3824 Quercitrin Quercitrin (3-rhamnosyl quercetin), a glycoside of quercetin, has been found as a main bioactive constituent in T. sinensis leaves and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities.
S2383 Gastrodin Gastrodin, an anti-inflammatory polyphenol extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodia elata Blume., benefits neurodegenerative diseases.
S2387 Lappaconite HBr Lappaconite Hydrobromide is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and has anti-inflammatory effects.
S3910 4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone 4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone, isolated from the leaves of Albizzia lebbeck, shows antifungal activity in vitro.
S2369 Troxerutin Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid isolated from Sophora japonica., has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties.
S3832 Euphorbiasteroid Euphorbiasteroid, a component of Euphorbia lathyris L., inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through activation of the AMPK pathway and induces HL-60 cells to apoptosis via promoting Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.
S4884 Trans-Zeatin Trans-Zeatina is the member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins, which regulate cell division, development, and nutrient processing.
S2250 (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate(EGCG) is the main catechin extraction of green tea that inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase. EGCG blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors. ECGG inhibits fatty acid synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity.
S2290 Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua.
S2295 Emodin Emodin is a purgative resin, 6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone, from rhubarb, the buckthorn and Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica).
S2320 Luteolin Luteolin is a flavonoid found in Terminalia chebula, which is a non-selective phisphodiesterase PDE inhibitor for PDE1-5 with Ki of 15.0 μM, 6.4 μM, 13.9 μM, 11.1 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. Phase 2.
S3818 Tectoridin Tectoridin, an isoflavone isolated from flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana, has several pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotectivy.
S3756 Methyl salicylate Methyl salicylate is an organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens. It is an agonist for TRPA1 and TRPV1.
S2302 Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic Acid) Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic Acid) is a direct HMGB1(high mobility group box 1) inhibitor that inhibits HMGB1-dependent inflammatory molecule expression and oxidative stress; modulates P38 and P-JNK but not p-ERK signalling; Also inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (MAO).
S4603 Gallic acid Gallic acid, known as powerful antioxidants, is an organic acid found in a variety of foods and herbs.
S3821 Nuciferine Nuciferine is a major active aporphine alkaloid from the leaves of N. nucifera Gaertn and possesses anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypotensive, anti-arrhythmic, and insulin secretagogue activities.
S3823 Schizandrol A Schizandrol A is one of the effective components in the dried fruit of Schizandra chinensis Bail and works by increasing dopamine, a neurotransmitter, in the brain.
S3841 Eleutheroside B Eleutheroside B (syringin) is a phenylpropanoid glycoside first isolated from A. senticosus and has neuroprotective, tonic, adaptogenic, and immune-modulating properties.
S3845 Panaxadiol Panaxadiol is a triterpene sapogenin originally found in species of Panax (ginseng) and exhibits anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities. It inhibits Ca2+ channels, decreasing channel open time and open state probability in vitro and displaying anti-arrhythmic potential.
S3847 Panaxatriol Panaxatriol is a triterpene sapogenin originally found in species of Panax (ginseng) and exhibits anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities.
S3848 Hydroxytyrosol Acetate Hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTy-Ac), an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenol, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
S3778 Patchouli alcohol Patchouli alcohol, an ingredient in pogostemonis herba, has various pharmacological activities and acts as an inhibitor of asexual fungal propagation, inflammation, the influenza virus, and tumorigenesis.
S3912 Cephalotaxine Cephalotaxine is a naturally occurring alkaloid which is the structural motif of a number of compounds and has shown promising anti-cancer properties.
S3930 Liquiritin Liquiritin (LIQ) is a main component among the licorice flavonoids, and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer abilities.
S4758 Crocin Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). It has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations, and in Chinese traditional medicine as an anodyne or tranquilizer.
S3874 Curcumenol Curcumenol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Curcuma zedoaria, is known to possess a variety of health and medicinal values which includes neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits NF-κB activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation.
S3877 Lysionotin Lysionotin is a natural flavonoid predominantly found in fewflower lysionotus herbs and possesses many pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and free radical scavenging activities.
S3809 Imperatorin Imperatorin, a naturally occurring psoralen-type furanocoumarin, is a potent myorelaxant agent and acts as a calcium antagonist on vascular smooth muscle.
S3892 Isopsoralen Isopsoralen, also known as angelicin, is a constituent of roots and leaves of angelica with anti-inflammatory activity and regulates LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways. It also shows antiviral activity against gammaherpesviruses.
S3908 4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin 4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin is isolated from the herb of Dysosma pleiantha (Hance) Woodson with remarkable cytotoxic potential in diverse cancer cell lines.
S3938 Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is a natural demethoxy derivative of curcumin and possesses several biological activities, such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities.
S3890 Leonurine Leonurine, an active alkaloid extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine Herba leonuri, exerts several biological effects, such as antidiabetic, cardiovascular, and bovine mastitis protection.
S3830 Protodioscin Protodioscin, a steroidal saponin compound found in a number of plant species, is able to stimulate testosterone production and it also has an androgen-mimetic action, binding and activating the testosterone receptors.
S3774 Dehydroandrographolide Succinate Potasium Salt Dehydroandrographolide Succinate (DAS), extracted from herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees, is widely used for the treatment of viral pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections because of its immunostimulatory, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effect.
S3816 Dehydroevodiamine Dehydroevodiamine, a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa, has various biological effects such as hypotensive, negative chronotropic, ion channel depressant, inhibition of nitric oxide production and cerebral blood flow enhancing activities.
S5144 Neferine Neferine, a natural component of Nelumbo nucifera, has antitumor efficiency in cancer.
S4761 Thymoquinone Thymoquinone (TQ) is the bioactive phytochemical constituent of the seeds oil of Nigella sativa with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.
S3906 Astragalus polyphenols Astragalus is a wonderful immune enhancing herb that has strong anti-viral activity and produces extra interferon in the body. It contains rich polyphenol with various effects including antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.
S3907 Bulleyaconi cine A Bulleyaconitine A (BLA) is an active ingredient of Aconitum bulleyanum plants and classified as an "aconitine-like" alkaloid. It is a potent use-dependent blocker for both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 Na+ currents.
S3909 Catalpol Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside contained richly in the roots of the small flowering plant species Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been shown to have antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and other neuroprotective properties and plays a role in neuroprotection against hypoxic/ischemic injury, AD and PD in both in vivo and in vitro models.
S3922 (-)-epigallocatechin (-)-Epigallocatechin, widespread in plants, has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory functions.
S3923 Ginsenoside Rg1 Ginsenoside Rg1, identified as a protopanaxatriol-type, has pharmacological actions such as neuroprotective and anti-tumor effects on various cancer types.
S3924 Ginsenoside Rb1 Ginsenoside Rb1 is a protopanaxadiol that has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity actions.
S3925 (-)-Epicatechin gallate Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin with anti-inflammatory effects.
S3926 Forsythin Forsythin (FOR) is an active ingredient extracted from the fruit of the medicinal plant Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl and has been shown to have antioxidant, antibacterial and antiinflammatory properties.
S3928 Baccatin Ⅲ Baccatin Ⅲ is a polycyclic diterpene which can be used for the semi-synthesis of paclitaxel and analogs. It exhibits immunomodulatory and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities.
S2317 L-(+)-Rhamnose Monohydrate L(+)-Rhamnose (Rham) is a naturally-occurring deoxy sugar that is found primarily in plants and some bacteria.
S3901 Astragaloside IV Astragaloside IV is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has various effect on the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems.
S3781 Ginkgolide C Ginkgolide C, isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves, is a flavone reported to have multiple biological functions, from decreased platelet aggregation to ameliorating Alzheimer disease.
S3915 Gracillin Gracillin, a kind of steroidal saponin isolated from the root bark of wild yam Dioscorea nipponica, has been reported to exert antitumor activity.
S3916 Macranthoidin B Macranthoidin B is a major bioactive saponin in rat plasma after oral administration of extraction of saponins from Flos Lonicerae.
S3920 7β-Hydroxylathyrol 7β-Hydroxylathyrol is natural occuring product extracted from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.
S3921 Lathyrol Lathyrol is a natural product that is used for cancer treatment.
S3931 Ginsenoside Rd Ginsenoside Rd, a minor ginseng saponin, has several pharmacological activities such as immunosuppressive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunological adjuvant, anti-cancer activity and wound-healing activity.
S3765 Picroside II Picroside II is the main active ingredient in iridoid glycosides, which is the principal component of Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities.
S3875 Alpinetin Alpinetin, a composition of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, has been reported to have a number of biological properties, such as antibacterial, antitumor and other important therapeutic activities.
S3878 Bavachinin Bavachinin is a novel natural pan-PPAR agonist from the fruit of the traditional Chinese glucose-lowering herb malaytea scurfpea. It shows stronger activities with PPAR-γ than with PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ (EC50 = 0.74 μmol/l, 4.00 μmol/l and 8.07 μmol/l in 293T cells, respectively).
S3881 Scopoletin Scopoletin is the main bioactive constituent of flower buds from Magnolia fargesii with anti-inflammatory, hypouricemic, and antioxidant activities.
S3883 Protopine Protopine, an alkaloid present in different plants, has been shown to exhibit a number of activities, such as inhibition of calcium influx through both voltage and receptor-operated channels and inhibition of rabbit blood platelet aggregation. It also possesses anti-cholinergic and anti-histaminic as well as anti-bacterial activities.
S3884 Jatrorrhizine Jatrorrhizine, one of the active constituents of Coptis chinensis Franch, has multiple bioactivities, such as hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. It is an inhibitor of AChE with IC50 of 872 nM and demonstrates >115-fold selectivity for AChE over BuChE.
S3800 Lycorine hydrochloride Lycorine, a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant family, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of physiological effects, including the potential effect against cancer. It is an HCV inhibitor with strong activity.
S3801 Sodium Houttuyfonate Sodium Houttuyfonate, the active compound of the Houttuynia plant, is mainly used for treating purulent skin infections, respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia in elderly patients, and chronic bronchitis.
S3804 Alpha-Mangostin Alpha-mangostin is the main xanthone purified from mangosteen and has health promoting benefits including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and cardioprotective activities.
S3808 Mangiferin Mangiferin is a bioactive compound that demonstrates many health perspectives and has been used to prepare medicinal and food supplements.
S3810 Scutellarin Scutellarin, the major active principal flavonoids extracted from the Chinese herbal medicines Scutellaria baicalensis and Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, has many pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antiinflammatory activities.
S3811 Ginsenoside Re Ginsenoside Re is a major ginsenoside in ginseng and belongs to 20(S)-protopanaxatriol group. It has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including vasorelaxant, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic actions.
S3891 Vincamine Vincamine, an indole alkaloid found in the leaves of V. minor and C. roseus, is a peripheral vasodilator that increases blood flow to the brain.
S3813 Bakuchiol Bakuchiol is a meroterpene phenol abundant in seeds and leaves of the plant Psoralea corylifolia. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.
S3919 Hederacoside C Hederacoside C (HDC) is one of the active ingredients in Hedera helix leaf extract (Ivy Ex.) and used to treat respiratory disorders.
S3837 Echinocystic acid Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural triterpone enriched in various herbs, displays a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
S3844 Rosavin Rosavin, a cinnamyl alcohol glycoside found in the plant Rhodiola rosea, possesses antidepressant and anxiolytic activities.
S3846 Eupatilin Eupatilin, a major flavonoid from Artemisia plants, possesses various beneficial biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, and anti-oxidation activity.
S3779 cis-Anethol Anethole has two isomers, the cis(Z) isomer being 15-38 times more toxic to animal than the trans(E) isomer. cis-Anethole is found in anise and Only a low level is permitted in flavours.
S3782 Neomangiferin Neomangiferin, a natural xanthone C-glycoside mainly obtained from the well-known traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, exhibits antidiabetic activity and antiosteoporotic action.
S3783 Echinacoside Echinacoside, a natural polyphenolic compound, has various biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative actions.
S3777 Gentiopicroside Gentiopicroside (GE), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, inhibits CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 with IC50 values of 21.8μg/ml and 594μg/ml, respectively in human liver microsomes, and dose not inhibit CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 activities.
S3784 Obacunone Obacunone, a natural compound present in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated for various biological activities including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. It significantly inhibits aromatase activity in an in vitro enzyme assay with an IC50 value of 28.04 μM; also a novel activator of Nrf2.
S3786 Glabridin Glabridin, one of the active phytochemicals in licorice extract, binds to and activates the ligand binding domain of PPARγ, as well as the full length receptor. It is also a GABAA receptor positive modulator promoting fatty acid oxidation and improving learning and memory.
S3787 Picroside I Picroside I, an iridoid glycoside, is a hepatoprotective agent which is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B.
S3780 Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a plant lignan isolated from flaxseed, has strong antioxidant activity, cardioprotective effects, reduces the blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and reduces the risk of hormone related cancer.
S3911 Veratramine Veratramine, a major alkaloid from Veratrum nigrum L., has distinct anti-tumor and anti-hypertension effects. It is a good membrane permeant, undergoes rapid passive diffusion, and has a good stability in the gastrointestinal tract during its absorption.
S3914 α-Hederin α-hederin is a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin which has shown hemolytic and apoptotic properties.
S3929 Liquiritigenin Liquiritigenin, the most active estrogenic compound from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis Fisch, selectively binds to ERβ with an IC50 value of 7.5 μM and activates multiple ER regulatory elements and native target genes with Erβ but not ERα.
S3932 Astilbin Astilbin, a flavonoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb, displays anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities.
S3760 Stachydrine hydrochloride Stachydrine is isolated from seed husk and the pulp of the fruit of C. Leonurus, and many other Asian plants and fruits. It has potent anti-metastatic activity and cardioprotective effects.
S3764 Isoferulic Acid Isoferulic acid, a major active ingredient of Cimicifuga heracleifolia, shows anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties.
S3766 Tanshinone IIA sulfonate (sodium) Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA isolated as the main pharmacologically active natural compound from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge known as Danshen; a potent negative allosteric modulator of the human purinergic receptor P2X7.
S3769 Palmatine Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has sedative, antidepressant, antioxidative, anti-ulcerative, antacid, anticancer, and anti-metastatic activities.
S3771 Stachydrine Stachydrine, also known as N,N-dimethylproline or proline betaine, is a quaternary ammonium derivative of proline that occurs widely in Medicago species. It is an osmoprotective compound found in urine.
S3773 Tyrosol Tyrosol is an antioxidant that is naturally present in several foods such as wines and green tea and is present most abundantly in olives.
S3775 Ligustrazine hydrochloride Tetramethylpyrazine, also known as ligustrazine, is a chemical compound found in natto and in fermented cocoa beans with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.
S5101 Tabersonine hydrochloride Tabersonine, an ingredient extracted from the bean of Voacanga africana, is a potent inhibitor against Aβ(1−42) aggregation and toxicity.
S2318 Lappaconitine Lappaconitine (LC) is a natural diterpenoid alkaloid (DTA), acting as a human heart sodium channel blocker and possessing a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anticancer, epileptiform etc.
S3788 Carvacrol Carvacrol, monoterpenic phenol isomeric with thymol, has diverse activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, an-timutagenic, antigenotoxic, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antiparasitic, antiplatelet, AChE inhibitory, antielastase, insecticidal, antihepatotoxic and hepatoprotective activities.
S2352 Salinomycin Salinomycin is an antibacterial and coccidiostat ionophore therapeutic drug.
S3815 Mogroside V Mogroside V is a natural cucurbitane glycoside which has a sweetening strength of 250 times that of sucrose and is derived from mature fruit of luo-han-guo (Siraitia grosvenorii, monk fruit).
S3817 Harmine hydrochloride Harmine, a fluorescent harmala alkaloid belonging to the beta-carboline family of compounds, is a highly cell-permeant and competitive inhibitor of ATP binding to the kinase pocket of DYRK1A, with about 60-fold higher IC50 value for DYRK2. It can also inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and cdc-like kinases (CLKs).
S3819 Decursinol angelate Decursinol angelate is a cytotoxic and protein kinase C activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas.
S3820 Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride Dehydroevodiamine (DHE), a major phytochemical in fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, can inhibit AChE. It has hypotensive and neuroprotective effects and modulates nitric oxide production.
S3825 Glycitin Glycitin, a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes, has antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic activities and may exerts preventative effects on alcoholism, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and some types of cancer.
S3826 Hydroxytyrosol Hydroxytyrosol is one of the main phenolic components of olive oil with excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities.
S3827 Royal jelly acid Royal jelly acid is the principal lipid component in royal jelly which is the food for queen and larvae honeybees. It is involved in several treatment processes of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated macrophage responses, inhibition of T-cell proliferation and anti-rheumatoid activity.
S3828 Orcinol glucoside Orcinol glucoside (OG) is an active constituent isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. It shows potent antioxidative and anxiolytic activities without sedative effects.
S3829 Isoalantolactone Isoalantolactone, one of the major sesquiterpene lactone compounds, is isolated from the roots of Anula helenium and possesses multiple biological activities including antifungal, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal activities and antiproliferative effects on several cancer cell lines, such as colon, melanoma, ovary, prostate, lung, and leukemia.
S3834 Astaxanthin Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a nutrient with unique cell membrane actions and diverse clinical benefits with excellent safety and tolerability.
S3835 Loganin Loganin is an iridoid glycoside first isolated from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, a member of the Loganiaceae family. It is a non-competitive inhibitor of BACE1 with IC50 of 47.97 μM an also inhibits AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 3.95 μM and 33.02 μM, respectively.
S3836 6-Gingerol 6-Gingerol is the active constituent of fresh ginger known to exhibit a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation.
S3838 Carnosic acid Carnosic acid is a phenolic diterpene, endowed with antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. It is increasingly used within food, nutritional health and cosmetics industries.
S3839 1-Deoxynojirimycin 1-Deoxynojirimycin is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor and most commonly found in mulberry leaves. It has therapeutic potency against diabetes mellitus.
S3840 Baohuoside I Baohuoside I (also known as Icariside II) is a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. It may exert cytotoxic effect via the ROS/MAPK pathway.
S3842 Isoquercitrin Isoquercitrin, a flavonoid compound with anticancer activity isolated from Bidens bipinnata L, is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin that acts downstream of the β-catenin nuclear translocation.
S3833 Amentoflavone Amentoflavone is a biflavonoid originally isolated from Selaginella with antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities.
S5103 lutein Lutein is a vitamin-like carotenoid produced by plants, which contributes to the colour of some fruit and vegetables. It is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that can circulate in the plasma and confer cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects.
S3943 Lycopene Lycopene is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. It is a natural antioxidant.
S3960 Higenamine hydrochloride Higenamine, also known as Norcoclaurine HCl, is a non-selective β2 adrenoceptor agonist which is a chemical compound naturally occurring in a number of plants.
S2360 Solanesol (Nonaisoprenol) Solanesol is a long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohol compound with inhibitory activities toward FAK. It mainly accumulates in solanaceous crops, including tobacco, tomato, potato, eggplant, and pepper plants.
S3941 Pinocembrin Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
S5104 Tea polyphenol Tea polyphenols are chemical compounds such as flavanoids and tannins found naturally in tea. Several biological properties have been associated to tea polyphenols (TP), including antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic and antimicrobial activities.
S3939 4'-Methoxyresveratrol 4-Methoxyresveratrol is a stibenoid found in the Chinese herb Gnetum cleistostachyum.
S3940 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (3'-HPT) is one of the active constituents of Sphaerophysa salsula and Pterocarpus marsupium which may be useful in treating different types of haematological malignancies.
S3614 Lupeol Lupeol is a significant lupane-type triterpene represented in the plant, fungi and animal kingdoms with anticancer, antiprotozoal, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties.
S3747 Levothyroxine sodium Levothyroxine is the major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. It is the agonist of Thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta.
S3668 Thymopentin Thymopentin has immuno-regulatory activities. The immuno-regulatory actions of thymopentin on peripheral T cells are mediated by intracellular cyclic GMP elevations in contrast to the intracellular cyclic AMP elevations induced in precursor T cells that trigger their further differentiation to T cells.
S3608 Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), the active component isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., inhibits UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 with immunosuppressive effects.
S3622 Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extracted and purified from liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae). It is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of NF‑κB, TNF‑α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
S3610 Cordycepin Cordycepin is an adenosine analogue, which is readily phosphorylated to its mono-, di-, and triphosphate intracellularly. It has a very potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
S3613 Scoparone Scoparone is a natural organic compound discovered from Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia with anticoagulant, hypolipidemic, vasorelaxant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions.
S3615 Dehydrocostus Lactone Dehydrocostus lactone (DHE), a natural sesquiterpene lactone, inhibits IKKβ activity, IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, coactivators p300 recruitments and p50/p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation, and their DNA binding activity on COX-2 promoter. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties.
S3616 Asiaticoside Asiaticoside, the major active principle of Centella asiatica, prevents ultraviolet A-dependent photoaging by suppressing ultraviolet A-induced reactive oxygen species production. It also decreases DNA binding by MITF.
S3607 Sarsasapogenin Sarsasapogenin (SAR) is a steroidal sapogenin. It can provoke the generation of reactive oxygen species and activate unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. SAR potently inhibits NF-κB and MAPK activation, as well as IRAK1, TAK1, and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
S3606 Fangchinoline Fangchinoline, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is a novel HIV-1 inhibitor with pain-relieving, blood pressure-depressing, and antibiotic activities.
S4757 Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) Dihydrotestosterone is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone and a potent agonist of the androgen receptor with 2-3-fold greater androgen receptor affinity than testosterone and 10-fold higher potency of inducing androgen receptor signaling.
S4752 Corticosterone Corticosterone, the major stress hormone, is an adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid.
S8291 Atractylenolide I Atractylenolide I is the major sesquiterpenoid of the rhizome of A. macrocephala and shows a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, digestion promoting, and antioxidant effects.
S4742 Rebaudioside C Rebaudioside C belongs to the family of Steviol Glycosides. It is a natural constituent of the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and used as natural sweeteners to diabetics and others on carbohydrate-controlled diets.
S4743 Wogonin Wogonin, a natural and biologically-active flavonoid found in plants, is an inhibitor of CDK9 and does not inhibit CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 at doses that inhibit CDK9 activity; Also inhibits N-acetyltransferase.
S4741 Danshensu Danshensu, a herbal preparation used in traditional Chinese medicine, possesses potential antitumor and anti‑angiogenesis effects.
S4739 Oxyresveratrol Oxyresveratrol, a naturally occurring compound particularly found in Morus alba L., exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase which catalyzes rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis.
S4746 (20S)-Protopanaxadiol 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), the main intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, is one of the active ingredients in ginseng.
S4735 Salvianolic acid B Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound, is the most abundant bioactive compound extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.
S8318 Alantolactone Alantolactone, a naturally occurring eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone (SL), could induce activin/SMAD3 signaling and disrupt Cripto-1/activin receptor type II A interaction.
S4707 Oleic Acid Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent.
S4700 4-Aminobutyric acid Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter with central nervous system (CNS) inhibitory activity.
S4722 (+)-Catechin Cianidanol is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
S4723 (-)Epicatechin (−)Epicatechin is a flavonoid present in cocoa, green tea and red wine. It is a strong antioxidant, has insulin mimic action and improves heart health.
S4726 Lauric Acid Lauric Acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone. Lauric acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
S4719 Kynurenic acid Kynurenic acid, a natural metabolite of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway, is a broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist; It proved to be an antagonist at NMDA, kainate and AMPA receptors.
S4714 (-)-Menthol (-)-Menthol is a levo isomer of menthol and used as a cooling agent that strongly activates TRPM8.
S4711 Esculetin Esculetin is a coumarin derivative found in various natural plant products with various biological and pharmaceutical properties including anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effects. It inhibits lipoxygenases (LOs).
S4728 3,3'-Diindolylmethane 3,3'-Diindolylmethane(DIM) is a major digestive product of indole-3-carbinol, a potential anticancer component of cruciferous vegetables.
S4708 Palmitoylethanolamide Palmitoylethanolamide(PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and selectively activates PPAR-α in vitro with an EC50 value of 3.1±0.4 μM.
S4690 Escin Escin is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum(the horse chestnut).
S4686 Vitamin E Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. It is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor dormancy through suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription.
S4706 Eugenol Eugenol is a naturally occuring scent chemical found in clove oil and other plants. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of increased Histamine Release, and cell-mediated Immunity.
S4539 Salicylic acid Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants which is an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis and cyclooxygenase activity.
S4507 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is an endogenous progestogen as well as chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of other steroid hormones, including the corticosteroids and the androgens and the estrogens.
S7867 Oleuropein Oleuropein is an antioxidant polyphenol isolated from olive leaf. Phase 2.
S7594 Abscisic Acid (Dormin） Abscisic Acid is a plant hormone, which is involved in many plant developmental processes, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism, and inhibits germination and seedling growth.
S7582 Anacardic Acid Anacardic Acid is a potent inhibitor of p300 and p300/CBP-associated factor histone acetyltranferases, which also has antibacterial activity, antimicrobial activity, prostaglandin synthase inhibition, and tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition.
S8036 Butein Butein, a plant polyphenol isolated from Rhus verniciflua, is able to inhibit the activation of protein tyrosine kinase, NF-κB and STAT3, also inhibits EGFR.
S7025 Embelin Embelin, a quinone isolated from the Japanese Ardisia herb, is an inhibitor of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) with IC50 of 4.1 μM in a cell-free assay.
S4033 Sennoside A Sennoside A, a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, causes purgative actions in the intestine.
S4018 Sennoside B Sennoside B, a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, inhibits PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation.
S2252 (+)-Usniacin (+)-Usniacin is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species.
S3068 Guanosine Hydrate Guanosine hydrate plays important roles in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis, muscle contraction and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP).
S2253 3-Indolebutyric acid (IBA) 3-Indolebutyric acid(IBA) is a plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products.
S2424 Hypoxanthine Hypoxanthine, a naturally occurring purine derivative, an intermediate product of uric acid synthesis, formed from adenylic acid and itself a precursor of xanthine.
S2374 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan (INN), is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor for the treatment of depression.
S2442 Inosine Inosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
S2256 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) 4-Methylumbelliferone is a hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 mM.
S2375 Aloin Aloin, a natural anthracycline from Aloe vera, is a tyrosinase inhibitor.
S2258 Esculin Esculin is a glucoside found in horse chestnuts.
S2377 Biochanin A Biochanin A, an O-methylated isoflavone from Trifolium pratense, inhibits protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) of epidermal growth factor receptor with IC50 values of 91.5 μM.
S2259 Aloe-emodin Aloe-emodin is an interferon-inducing agent with IC50 of about 1 μg/mL for JEV and of about 0.33 μg/mL for EV71.
S3071 Vanillin Vanillin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is a food additive.
S2260 Amygdalin Amygdalin is a glycoside initially isolated from the seeds of the tree Prunus dulcis, also known as bitter almonds.
S2379 Dioscin Dioscin is a saponin extracted and isolated from Polygonatum Zanlanscianense Pamp, showing antitumor activities.
S2261 Andrographolide Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata.
S2380 Diosmetin Diosmetin is a bioflavonoid found in spearmint, oregano, and many other plants.
S2262 Apigenin Apigenin is a potent P450 inhibitor for CYP2C9 with Ki of 2 μM.
S2263 Arbutin Arbutin is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.09 mM.
S2382 Evodiamine Evodiamine (Isoevodiamine), an alkaloid extract from the fruit of Evodiae Fructus exhibits antitumor activities against the human tumor cells. It is shown to inhibit NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.
S2265 Artesunate Artesunate is a part of the artemisinin group of agents with an IC50 of < 5 μM for small cell lung carcinoma cell line H69. It is a potential inhibitor of STAT-3 and exhibits selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells over normal cells in vitro; A potent inhibitor of EXP1.
S2384 Hematoxylin Hematoxylin (Hydroxybrazilin) is a compound that forms strongly colored complexes with certain metal ions, notably Fe(III) and Al(III) salts and a kind of stain in histology.
S2266 Asiatic acid Asiatic acid is the aglycone of asiaticoside isolated from the plant Centella asiatica, commonly used in wound healing.
S2386 Indirubin Indirubin is a potent cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of about 5 μM and 0.6 μM.
S2267 Azomycin Azomycin is an antimicrobial antibiotic produced by a strain of Nocardia mesenterica.
S2268 Baicalein Baicalein is a CYP2C9 and prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor.
S2269 Baicalin Baicalin is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor and affects the GABA receptors.
S2389 Naringin Dihydrochalcone Naringin Dihydrochalcone(Naringin DC) is a new-style sweetening agent and an artificial sweetener derived from naringin and also an inhibitor of CYP enzymes.
S2270 Bergenin Bergenin is trihydroxybenzoic acid glycoside and the C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid.
S2390 Polydatin Polydatin is a crystal component extracted from the root stem of perennial herbage Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.
S2425 Apocynin Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with IC50 of 10 μM.
S2271 Berberine chloride Berberine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids.
S2391 Quercetin Quercetin, a natural flavonoid present in vegetables, fruit and wine, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4-5.4 μM. Phase 4.
S3600 Schisandrin B (Sch B) Schisandrin B is the most abundant dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan present in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. It is a kind of ATR and P-gp inhibitor with high safety.
S2273 β-Sitosterol β-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol.
S2392 Sesamin Sesamin, a lignan isolated from the bark of Fagara plants and from sesame oil, exhibits various health benefits.
S2448 Gambogic Acid Gambogic Acid activates caspases with EC50 of 0.78-1.64 μM and competitively inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50 of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 μM, respectively.
S2276 Bilobalide Bilobalide is a biologically active terpenic trilactone present in Ginkgo biloba.
S2277 Caffeic Acid Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a naturally occurring organic compound.
S2280 Chlorogenic Acid Chlorogenic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a member of a family of naturally occurring organic compounds.
S2281 Chrysin Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone chemically extracted from the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea).
S2282 Cinchonidine Cinchonidine is an alkaloid used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry.
S2422 Ipriflavone (Osteofix) Ipriflavone (7-Isopropoxyisoflavon) is used to inhibit bone resorption.
S2285 Cryptotanshinone Cryptotanshinone is a STAT3 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.6 μM in a cell-free assay, strongly inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr705, with a small effect on STAT3 Ser727, but none against STAT1 nor STAT5.
S2423 (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin 10-Hydroxycamptothecin is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity.
S2437 Rotundine Rotundine (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.
S2287 Cytisine Cytisine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.
S2289 Daidzin Daidzin, a natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as isoflavones, is a potent and selective inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and inhibits ALDH-I selectively (Ki=20 nM); at least 500 times less effective against ALDH-Ⅱ, the cytosolic isozyme (Ki=10 μM).
S2385 Hordenine Hordenine (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenylethylamine alkaloid with antibacterial and antibiotic properties.
S2394 Naringenin Naringenin is a natural predominant flavanone derived from plant food, which is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator.
S2292 Diosmin Diosmin is a semisynthetic phlebotropic agent and a member of the flavonoid family.
S1973 Cyclocytidine HCl Cyclocytidine is the prodrug of cytarabine, which is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog that inhibits the DNA synthesis and used mainly in the treatment of leukemia.
S2296 Enoxolone Enoxolone is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative of the beta-amyrin type obtained from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic acid, which was obtained from the herb liquorice.
S2395 Rheochrysidin Physcion is an anthraquinone from roots of Rheum officinale Baill.
S2297 Ergosterol Ergosterol is a sterol and a biological precursor (a provitamin) to vitamin D2.
S2396 Salidroside Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea, has been reported to have a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties.
S2298 Fisetin Fisetin (Fustel) is a potent sirtuin activating compound (STAC) and an agent that modulates sirtuins.
S2397 Palmatine chloride Palmatine hydrochloride (Palmatine chloride (6CI,7CI); Fibrauretin) is a hydrochloride salt of palmatine which is a protoberberine alkaloid.
S2299 Formononetin Formononetin is a phytoestrogen from the root of Astragalus membranaceus and an O-methylated isoflavone.
S2398 Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q) is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration.
S2300 Ferulic Acid Ferulic Acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a type of organic compound found in the Ferula assafoetida L. or Ligusticum chuanxiong.
S2399 Dihydromyricetin Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin, Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant flavonoid from Ampelopsis grossedentata.
S2301 Genistin (Genistoside) Genistin(Genistoside) is an isoflavone found in a number of dietary plants like soy and kudzu.
S2400 Rheic Acid Rhein (Monorhein; NSC 38629; Rheic acid; Rheinic acid) is an anthraquinone compound enriched in the fresh rhizome of Rheum coreanum Nakai, showing anti-inflammation and antitumor activities.
S2401 Sodium Danshensu Sodium Danshensu is a mono sodium of danshensu, which is a natural phenolic acid of caffeic acid derivatives isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza.
S2303 gossypol-Acetic acid Gossypol Acetate is a polyphenolic aldehyde that permeates cells and acts as an inhibitor for several dehydrogenase enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, NAD-linked enzymes.
S2402 Cyclovirobuxin D Cyclovirobuxine D is an active compound extracted from Buxus microphylla, which has been used for treating acute myocardial ischemia.
S2304 Gramine Gramine is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid present in several plant species.
S2403 Tetrandrine Tetrandrine, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Stephania tetrandra, is a calcium channel blocker.
S2306 Gynostemma Extract Gynostemma Extract is a saponins extract derived from the Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
S2308 Hesperetin Hesperetin is a bioflavonoid and, to be more specific, a flavanone.
S2309 Hesperidin Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found abundantly in citrus fruits.
S2404 Isoliquiritigenin Isoliquiritigenin, an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM.
S2405 Sophocarpine Sophocarpine, a major ingredient of Sophora alopecuroides, has a wide range of pharmacological effects.
S2311 Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) Hyodeoxycholic(HDCA) acid is a secondary bile acid, one of the metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria.
S2406 Chrysophanic Acid Chrysophanic acid (Chrysophanol), a natural anthraquinone isolated from Dianella longifolia, is a EGFR/mTOR pathway inhibitor.
S2312 Icariin Icariin is a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.432 μM, 167-fold more selective for PDE5 than PDE4.
S2407 Curcumol Curcumol is a pure monomer isolated from Rhizoma Curcumaeis with antitumor activities.
S2313 Indole-3-carbinol Indole-3-carbinol is produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which can be found at relatively high levels in cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol suppresses NF-κB and IκBα kinase activation.
S2314 Kaempferol Kaempferol, a natural flavonol, functions as an ERRα and ERRγ inverse agonist. It inhibits topoisomerase I catalyzed DNA religation and may also inhibit the activity of fatty acid synthase.
S1450 Nanchangmycin Nanchangmycin is a polyether antibiotic with similar structure to dianemycin and is very active against a broad spectrum of harmful nematodes and insects but not for mammals and plants.
S2316 Kinetin Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division.
S2319 Limonin Limonin is a triterpenoid enriched in citrus fruits, which has antivirus and antitumor ability.
S2415 Astragaloside A Astragaloside A (Astragaloside IV) is the primary pure saponin isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, which has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
S2321 Magnolol Magnolol is a bioactive lignin found in the bark of the Houpu magnolia (Magnolia officinalis) which shows antifungal properties. It can block TNF-α-induced NF-KB activation.
S2322 (+)-Matrine Matrine((+)-Matrine) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora family, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects, and action as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.
S2332 Neohesperidin Neohesperidin, a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits, is an antioxidant agent.
S3032 Bindarit Bindarit exhibits selective inhibition against monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-2/CCL8.
S2324 Sodium Monensin Sodium Monensin, isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is a well-known representative of naturally polyether ionophore antibiotics.
S2325 Morin Hydrate Morin hydrate(Aurantica) is a flavonoid isolated from Maclura pomifera (Osage orange), Maclura tinctoria (old fustic) and from leaves of Psidium guajava (common guava).
S2326 Myricetin Myricetin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant and anti tumor properties, is a novel inhibitor of MEK1 activity and transformation of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells. It also inhibits PI3Kγ with Kd of 0.17 μM.
S2327 Myricitrin Myricitrin, a flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Myrica cerifera, which exerts antinociceptive effects.
S2439 Guanosine Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
S2329 Naringin Naringin is a flavanone glycoside, which exerts a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant activity, blood lipid lowering, anticancer activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
S2331 Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone (Nhdc) Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone(Nhdc), sometimes abbreviated to neohesperidin DC or simply NHDC, is an artificial sweetener derived from citrus.
S2333 Nobiletin Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid isolated from citrus peels like in tangerine, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.
S2334 Oleanolic Acid Oleanolic Acid is a non-toxic, hepatoprotective triterpenoid found in Phytolacca Americana, which exerts antitumor and antiviral properties.
S2335 Oridonin Oridonin, a diterpenoid purified from Rabdosia rubescens, is an antitumor agent.
S2336 Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil) Orotic acid(6-Carboxyuracil) is a heterocyclic compound and an acid.
S2337 Osthole Osthol is an O-methylated coumarin, which is found in the plants such as Cnidium monnieri, Angelica archangelica and Angelica pubescens.
S2338 Oxymatrine Oxymatrine is a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens with anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, and antitumor effects, inhibits the iNOS expression and TGF-β/Smad pathway. It is used for the treatment of viral hepatitis, cancer, viral myocarditis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and skin diseases.
S2339 Paeonol Paeonol (Peonol), a phenolic compound extracted from Chinese herbs Paeonia suffruticosa (moutan cortex) and Cynanchum paniculatum, inhibits MAO with an IC50 of about 50 μM.
S3603 Betulinic acid Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Syzigium claviflorum, is a inhibitor of HIV-1 with EC50 of 1.4 μ M. Phase 1/2.
S2341 (-)-Parthenolide (-)-Parthenolide, an inhibitor of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway, specifically depletes HDAC1 protein without affecting other class I/II HDACs; Also promotes the ubiquitination of MDM2 and activates p53 cellular functions.
S2342 Phloretin Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone found in apple tree leaves, which shows beneficial effects on diabetes.
S2343 Phlorizin Phlorizin is a dihydrochalcone found in the bark of pear (Pyrus communis), apple, cherry and other fruit trees.
S3604 Triptolide (PG490) Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide, immunosuppresive agent extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It functions as a NF-κB inhibitor with dual actions by disruption of p65/CBP interaction and by reduction of p65 protein.
S2344 Piperine Piperine (1-Piperoylpiperidine) is the alkaloid responsible for the pungency of black pepper and long pepper, which has also been used in some forms of traditional medicine and as an insecticide.
S2346 Puerarin Puerarin (Kakonein), an isoflavones found in the root of Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor and benzodiazepine site antagonist.
S2347 Quercetin Dihydrate Quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in a wide variety of plant-based foods, such as apples, onions, berries, and red wine, is utilized in many different cultures for their nervous system and anticancer effects.
S2349 Rutaecarpine Rutaecarpine is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs; a new class of COX-2 inhibitor.
S2350 Rutin Rutin, a flavonol glycoside found in many plants including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc., which possesses healthy effects for human.
S2351 Salicin Salicin is a phenol β-glycosid produced from willow bark that shows anti-inflammatory effects. It is a natural, non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor.
S2353 Sapogenins Glycosides Sapogenins glycosides are a mixture of triterpene and steroid saponins isolated from medicinal plants such as Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hedera helix L. and Ruscus aculeatus L., which are claimed to be effective for the treatment/prevention of venous insufficiency.
S3190 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a base modified analog of adenosine and is found as a minor nucleoside in natural RNAs.
S2354 Sclareol Sclareol, a labdane-type diterpene isolated from clary sage (Salvia sclarea), exerts growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines.
S2355 Sclareolide Sclareolide(Norambreinolide) is a sesquiterpene lactone natural product derived from various plant sources including Salvia sclarea, Salvia yosgadensis, and cigar tobacco.
S2356 Shikimic Acid Shikimic acid(Shikimate), more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms.
S2357 Silibinin Silibinin, the main flavonoid extracted from the milk thistle Silybum marianum, displays hepatoprotective properties in acute and chronic liver injury.
S2358 Silymarin Silymarin (Silybin B), a polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum or milk thistle, is used in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases and primary liver cancer.
S2359 Sinomenine Sinomenine, a pure alkaloid extracted from the chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum, is used for the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis.
S2362 Synephrine Synephrine, a natural protoalkaloid in the extract of bitter orange and other citrus species, is commonly used for weight loss.
S2363 Tangeretin Tangeretin, a natural polymethoxylated flavone concentrated in the peel of citrus fruits, is known to have antiproliferative, antiinvasive, antimetastatic and antioxidant activities.
S2364 Tanshinone I Tanshinone I, an active principle isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), is structurally similar to tanshinone IIA and may possess similar cytotoxic effects on tumor cells.
S2365 Tanshinone IIA Tanshinone IIA(Tanshinone B) is the most abundant diterpene quinone in Danshen, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, a widely prescribed traditional herbal medicine that is used to treat cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases; A natural monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor.
S2366 Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) Taxifolin, type I inhibitor for VEGFR-2 kinase, is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.
S2367 Tetrahydropapaverine HCl Tetrahydropapaverine, one of the TIQs and an analogue of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, has been reported to have neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons.
S2368 Theobromine Theobromine is a xanthine alkaloid widely consumed as stimulants and snacks in coffee and cocoa based foods and most often as part of ingredients in drugs.
S2370 Ursolic Acid Ursolic acid (Malol) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, used in cosmetics.
S2371 Vanillylacetone Vanillylacetone is similar in chemical structure to other flavor chemicals such as vanillin and eugenol and is used as a flavor additive in spice oils and in perfumery to introduce spicy aromas.
S2372 Xanthone Xanthone is an organic compound, which can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate.
S2373 Yohimbine HCl Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.
製品コード 製品名 製品説明
S2387 Lappaconite HBr Lappaconite Hydrobromide is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and has anti-inflammatory effects.
S3068 Guanosine Hydrate Guanosine hydrate plays important roles in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis, muscle contraction and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP).
S2253 3-Indolebutyric acid (IBA) 3-Indolebutyric acid(IBA) is a plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products.
S2424 Hypoxanthine Hypoxanthine, a naturally occurring purine derivative, an intermediate product of uric acid synthesis, formed from adenylic acid and itself a precursor of xanthine.
S2442 Inosine Inosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
S2382 Evodiamine Evodiamine (Isoevodiamine), an alkaloid extract from the fruit of Evodiae Fructus exhibits antitumor activities against the human tumor cells. It is shown to inhibit NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.
S2386 Indirubin Indirubin is a potent cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of about 5 μM and 0.6 μM.
S2267 Azomycin Azomycin is an antimicrobial antibiotic produced by a strain of Nocardia mesenterica.
S2271 Berberine chloride Berberine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids.
S2282 Cinchonidine Cinchonidine is an alkaloid used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry.
S2423 (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin 10-Hydroxycamptothecin is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity.
S2437 Rotundine Rotundine (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.
S2287 Cytisine Cytisine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.
S2385 Hordenine Hordenine (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenylethylamine alkaloid with antibacterial and antibiotic properties.
S1973 Cyclocytidine HCl Cyclocytidine is the prodrug of cytarabine, which is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog that inhibits the DNA synthesis and used mainly in the treatment of leukemia.
S2397 Palmatine chloride Palmatine hydrochloride (Palmatine chloride (6CI,7CI); Fibrauretin) is a hydrochloride salt of palmatine which is a protoberberine alkaloid.
S2402 Cyclovirobuxin D Cyclovirobuxine D is an active compound extracted from Buxus microphylla, which has been used for treating acute myocardial ischemia.
S2304 Gramine Gramine is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid present in several plant species.
S2403 Tetrandrine Tetrandrine, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Stephania tetrandra, is a calcium channel blocker.
S2405 Sophocarpine Sophocarpine, a major ingredient of Sophora alopecuroides, has a wide range of pharmacological effects.
S2313 Indole-3-carbinol Indole-3-carbinol is produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which can be found at relatively high levels in cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol suppresses NF-κB and IκBα kinase activation.
S2316 Kinetin Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division.
S2322 (+)-Matrine Matrine((+)-Matrine) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora family, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects, and action as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.
S2439 Guanosine Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
S2336 Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil) Orotic acid(6-Carboxyuracil) is a heterocyclic compound and an acid.
S2338 Oxymatrine Oxymatrine is a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens with anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, and antitumor effects, inhibits the iNOS expression and TGF-β/Smad pathway. It is used for the treatment of viral hepatitis, cancer, viral myocarditis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and skin diseases.
S2344 Piperine Piperine (1-Piperoylpiperidine) is the alkaloid responsible for the pungency of black pepper and long pepper, which has also been used in some forms of traditional medicine and as an insecticide.
S2349 Rutaecarpine Rutaecarpine is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs; a new class of COX-2 inhibitor.
S3190 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a base modified analog of adenosine and is found as a minor nucleoside in natural RNAs.
S2359 Sinomenine Sinomenine, a pure alkaloid extracted from the chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum, is used for the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis.
S2367 Tetrahydropapaverine HCl Tetrahydropapaverine, one of the TIQs and an analogue of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, has been reported to have neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons.
S2368 Theobromine Theobromine is a xanthine alkaloid widely consumed as stimulants and snacks in coffee and cocoa based foods and most often as part of ingredients in drugs.
S2373 Yohimbine HCl Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.
製品コード 製品名 製品説明
S2295 Emodin Emodin is a purgative resin, 6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone, from rhubarb, the buckthorn and Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica).
S4033 Sennoside A Sennoside A, a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, causes purgative actions in the intestine.
S4018 Sennoside B Sennoside B, a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, inhibits PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation.
S2375 Aloin Aloin, a natural anthracycline from Aloe vera, is a tyrosinase inhibitor.
S2259 Aloe-emodin Aloe-emodin is an interferon-inducing agent with IC50 of about 1 μg/mL for JEV and of about 0.33 μg/mL for EV71.
S2395 Rheochrysidin Physcion is an anthraquinone from roots of Rheum officinale Baill.
S2400 Rheic Acid Rhein (Monorhein; NSC 38629; Rheic acid; Rheinic acid) is an anthraquinone compound enriched in the fresh rhizome of Rheum coreanum Nakai, showing anti-inflammation and antitumor activities.
S2406 Chrysophanic Acid Chrysophanic acid (Chrysophanol), a natural anthraquinone isolated from Dianella longifolia, is a EGFR/mTOR pathway inhibitor.
製品コード 製品名 製品説明
S2323 Methyl-Hesperidin Methyl Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside (flavonoid) (C28H34O15) found abundantly in citrus fruits. Its aglycone form is called hesperetin.
S2369 Troxerutin Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid isolated from Sophora japonica., has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties.
S2320 Luteolin Luteolin is a flavonoid found in Terminalia chebula, which is a non-selective phisphodiesterase PDE inhibitor for PDE1-5 with Ki of 15.0 μM, 6.4 μM, 13.9 μM, 11.1 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. Phase 2.
S8036 Butein Butein, a plant polyphenol isolated from Rhus verniciflua, is able to inhibit the activation of protein tyrosine kinase, NF-κB and STAT3, also inhibits EGFR.
S2377 Biochanin A Biochanin A, an O-methylated isoflavone from Trifolium pratense, inhibits protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) of epidermal growth factor receptor with IC50 values of 91.5 μM.
S2380 Diosmetin Diosmetin is a bioflavonoid found in spearmint, oregano, and many other plants.
S2262 Apigenin Apigenin is a potent P450 inhibitor for CYP2C9 with Ki of 2 μM.
S2268 Baicalein Baicalein is a CYP2C9 and prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor.
S2269 Baicalin Baicalin is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor and affects the GABA receptors.
S2389 Naringin Dihydrochalcone Naringin Dihydrochalcone(Naringin DC) is a new-style sweetening agent and an artificial sweetener derived from naringin and also an inhibitor of CYP enzymes.
S2270 Bergenin Bergenin is trihydroxybenzoic acid glycoside and the C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid.
S2391 Quercetin Quercetin, a natural flavonoid present in vegetables, fruit and wine, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4-5.4 μM. Phase 4.
S2281 Chrysin Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone chemically extracted from the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea).
S2422 Ipriflavone (Osteofix) Ipriflavone (7-Isopropoxyisoflavon) is used to inhibit bone resorption.
S2289 Daidzin Daidzin, a natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as isoflavones, is a potent and selective inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and inhibits ALDH-I selectively (Ki=20 nM); at least 500 times less effective against ALDH-Ⅱ, the cytosolic isozyme (Ki=10 μM).
S2394 Naringenin Naringenin is a natural predominant flavanone derived from plant food, which is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator.
S2292 Diosmin Diosmin is a semisynthetic phlebotropic agent and a member of the flavonoid family.
S2298 Fisetin Fisetin (Fustel) is a potent sirtuin activating compound (STAC) and an agent that modulates sirtuins.
S2299 Formononetin Formononetin is a phytoestrogen from the root of Astragalus membranaceus and an O-methylated isoflavone.
S2399 Dihydromyricetin Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin, Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant flavonoid from Ampelopsis grossedentata.
S2308 Hesperetin Hesperetin is a bioflavonoid and, to be more specific, a flavanone.
S2309 Hesperidin Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found abundantly in citrus fruits.
S2404 Isoliquiritigenin Isoliquiritigenin, an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM.
S2312 Icariin Icariin is a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.432 μM, 167-fold more selective for PDE5 than PDE4.
S2314 Kaempferol Kaempferol, a natural flavonol, functions as an ERRα and ERRγ inverse agonist. It inhibits topoisomerase I catalyzed DNA religation and may also inhibit the activity of fatty acid synthase.
S2332 Neohesperidin Neohesperidin, a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits, is an antioxidant agent.
S2325 Morin Hydrate Morin hydrate(Aurantica) is a flavonoid isolated from Maclura pomifera (Osage orange), Maclura tinctoria (old fustic) and from leaves of Psidium guajava (common guava).
S2326 Myricetin Myricetin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant and anti tumor properties, is a novel inhibitor of MEK1 activity and transformation of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells. It also inhibits PI3Kγ with Kd of 0.17 μM.
S2327 Myricitrin Myricitrin, a flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Myrica cerifera, which exerts antinociceptive effects.
S2329 Naringin Naringin is a flavanone glycoside, which exerts a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant activity, blood lipid lowering, anticancer activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
S2331 Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone (Nhdc) Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone(Nhdc), sometimes abbreviated to neohesperidin DC or simply NHDC, is an artificial sweetener derived from citrus.
S2333 Nobiletin Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid isolated from citrus peels like in tangerine, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.
S2342 Phloretin Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone found in apple tree leaves, which shows beneficial effects on diabetes.
S2343 Phlorizin Phlorizin is a dihydrochalcone found in the bark of pear (Pyrus communis), apple, cherry and other fruit trees.
S2346 Puerarin Puerarin (Kakonein), an isoflavones found in the root of Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor and benzodiazepine site antagonist.
S2347 Quercetin Dihydrate Quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in a wide variety of plant-based foods, such as apples, onions, berries, and red wine, is utilized in many different cultures for their nervous system and anticancer effects.
S2350 Rutin Rutin, a flavonol glycoside found in many plants including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc., which possesses healthy effects for human.
S2357 Silibinin Silibinin, the main flavonoid extracted from the milk thistle Silybum marianum, displays hepatoprotective properties in acute and chronic liver injury.
S2358 Silymarin Silymarin (Silybin B), a polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum or milk thistle, is used in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases and primary liver cancer.
S2363 Tangeretin Tangeretin, a natural polymethoxylated flavone concentrated in the peel of citrus fruits, is known to have antiproliferative, antiinvasive, antimetastatic and antioxidant activities.
S2366 Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) Taxifolin, type I inhibitor for VEGFR-2 kinase, is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.
製品コード 製品名 製品説明
S2383 Gastrodin Gastrodin, an anti-inflammatory polyphenol extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodia elata Blume., benefits neurodegenerative diseases.
S2250 (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate(EGCG) is the main catechin extraction of green tea that inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase. EGCG blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors. ECGG inhibits fatty acid synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity.
S3071 Vanillin Vanillin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is a food additive.
S2263 Arbutin Arbutin is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.09 mM.
S2390 Polydatin Polydatin is a crystal component extracted from the root stem of perennial herbage Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.
S2425 Apocynin Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with IC50 of 10 μM.
S2396 Salidroside Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea, has been reported to have a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties.
S2303 gossypol-Acetic acid Gossypol Acetate is a polyphenolic aldehyde that permeates cells and acts as an inhibitor for several dehydrogenase enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, NAD-linked enzymes.
S2339 Paeonol Paeonol (Peonol), a phenolic compound extracted from Chinese herbs Paeonia suffruticosa (moutan cortex) and Cynanchum paniculatum, inhibits MAO with an IC50 of about 50 μM.
S2351 Salicin Salicin is a phenol β-glycosid produced from willow bark that shows anti-inflammatory effects. It is a natural, non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor.
S2356 Shikimic Acid Shikimic acid(Shikimate), more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms.
S2362 Synephrine Synephrine, a natural protoalkaloid in the extract of bitter orange and other citrus species, is commonly used for weight loss.
S2371 Vanillylacetone Vanillylacetone is similar in chemical structure to other flavor chemicals such as vanillin and eugenol and is used as a flavor additive in spice oils and in perfumery to introduce spicy aromas.
製品コード 製品名 製品説明
S5145 Protoporphyrin IX Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a heterocyclic organic compound, which consists of four pyrrole rings, and is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
S5288 Estropipate Estropipate is a natural estrogenic substance composed of estrone sulfate and piperazine and is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
S3917 Tetrahydrocurcumin Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, possesses strong antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.
S5675 Yamogenin Yamogenin, a sapogenin found in fenugreek, inhibits lipid accumulation through the suppression of gene expression in fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes.
S5373 Pseudolaric Acid B Pseudolaric Acid B, a natural diterpenoid compound isolated from the root and trunk bark of Pseudolaric kaempferi Gordon, has anti-fungal and anti-fertility properties.
S5678 trans-Zeatin-riboside Zeatin Riboside is the most active and ubiquitous form of the naturally occurring cytokinins that promote cell division, stimulate shoot proliferation, inhibit root formation, slow the aging process, and activate gene expression and metabolic activity.
S5705 Raceanisodamine Raceanisodamine is the active ingredient of Chinese herbal extracts that has vasoactive activity used to treat acute disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients in bacteremic shock.
S2348 Rotenone (Barbasco) Rotenone is a botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport.
S3843 Madecassoside Madecassoside is the main active triterpene constituent of Centella asiatica herbs, a traditional Chinese medicine for wound healing and scar management.
S7939 Chetomin Chetomin is an inhibitor of HIF-1 by weaken transcription of HIF-1,disrupting the binding of HIF-1α and HIF-2α to p300 at low nanomolar concentrations.
S5560 Midecamycin Midecamycin is a naturally occuring macrolide antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
S5559 Tetrahydropalmatine Tetrahydropalmatine, a plant alkaloid used as an ingredient in dietary supplement products, is a potent and selective D1 receptor antagonist.
S5466 Saikosaponin A Saikosaponin A is a triterpene saponin derived from the medicinal plant, Bupleurum chinensis DC. (Umbelliferae). It has a variety of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-bacterial activities.
S5622 Prohydrojasmon Prohydrojasmon is a newly launched plant growth regulator, which has jasmonic acid activity.
S5493 Atropine sulfate Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, which is a natural alkaloid anticholinergic agent and has potent antimuscarinic effects.
S5102 Stachyose Stachyose is a natural sugar found in many foods like beans and vegetables.
S3991 Ketoisophorone Ketoisophorone, also known as 4-Oxoisophorone, is the major component of saffron spice.
S3992 D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar. It is thought to provide plants and animals with the ability to withstanding periods of dehydration.
S3993 Ethyl Vanillate Ethyl vanillin, a vanillin analog, is a flavouring agent that exhibits strong antioxidant activity.
S3994 Methyl Cholate Methyl Cholate is methyl ester form of Cholic acid that is a primary bile acid mainly produced by the liver.
S3995 Guaiazulene Guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile oil, which also serve as its commercial sources.
S3996 Thioctic acid Thioctic acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form.
S3998 (+)-α-Lipoic acid R(+)-α-lipoic acid, a physiological form of thioctic acid, is a strong antioxidant that relieves diabetic neuropathic symptoms. It shows superior antioxidative effects to its racemate.
S5157 Thymol Thymol, a naturally occurring monocyclic phenolic compound derived from Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory property in vivo and vitro.
S5161 1-Octacosanol 1-Octacosanol is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is used as a nutritional supplement. It is reported to possess cholesterol-lowering effects, antiaggregatory properties, cytoprotective use, and ergogenic properties.
S5172 1-Triacontanol 1-Triacontanol is a fatty alcohol found in plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax. It is a growth stimulant for many plants, most notably roses.
S5143 Citropten Citropten is a natural organic compound which belongs to coumarins and derivatives class.
S5142 D-(+)-Melezitose Melezitose, also spelled melicitose, is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap eating insects.
S5141 Pyrithioxin Pyritinol (Pyrithioxin) is a neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.
S5132 Casanthranol Casanthranol is a purified mixture of te antranol glycosides derived from Cascara sagrada.
S5129 D-Aspartic acid D-Aspartic acid (D-Asp) is an endogenous amino acid occurring in several tissues and cells of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It can regulate testosterone synthesis and may act on a stimulatory receptor (NMDA).
S5128 Orsellinic acid ethyl ester Orsellinic acid, a phenolic acid, is of importance in the biochemistry of lichens, from which it can be extracted.
S4954 Djenkolic Acid Djenkolic Acid is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid extracted from djenkol beans. It is toxic to humans, often causing kidney failure.
S4827 Manganese chloride Manganese chloride occurs in nature as the mineral. It is used as a precursor for other manganese compounds.
S3964 Mucic Acid Mucic Acid (Galactaric acid) is the dicarboxylic sugar acid resulting from oxidation glactose with dilute nitric acid. It is a substrate of galactarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase.
S4969 Tropine Tropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid that serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, many of which have potent neurological actions.
S4940 Maltol Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound that is flavour enhancer and flavouring agent.
S4859 TriacetonaMine TriacetonaMine, a member of the class of compounds known as piperidinones, is an extremely weak acidic compound found in green vegetables and tea.
S4863 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a chemical compound found in olive oil and beer, is an intermediate used to synthesize atenolol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
S4864 2-Furoic acid 2-Furoic acid is an organic compound most widely found in food products as a preservative and a flavoring agent.
S4949 Nonanoic acid Nonanoic acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid found in both vegetable and animal fats.
S4862 Squalene Squalene, a naturally occurring substance found in plants, animals and humans, is a component of some adjuvants that is added to vaccines to enhance the immune response.
S4943 Isovanillin Isovanillin is a reversible inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. It is largely used as pharmaceutical intermediates and also applied in food and beverage industry, synthetic fragrances, chemical.
S4951 L-Threonine L-Threonine is an essential amino acid which is in its active form. It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver and lipotropic function when combined with aspartic acid and methionine.
S4952 Fumaric acid Fumaric acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle used by cells to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from food; also a product of the urea cycle.
S4953 Usnic acid Usnic acid is a furandione found uniquely in lichen that is used widely in cosmetics, deodorants, toothpaste and medicinal creams as well as some herbal products. It exhibits antiviral, antiprotozoal, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
S4960 Jasmone Jasmone is a natural organic compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers.
S4957 Linalool Linalool, a monoterpene compound commonly found as major component of essential oils of several aromatic species, is a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors.
S4941 Farnesol Farnesol is a natural sesquiterpene alcohol that is potent in treating antimetabolic disorders, anti-inflammation, showing antioxidant, anticancer, and antibiotic effects.
S5122 Abietic Acid Abietic acid, an abietane diterpenoid, inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase with an IC50 of 29.5 ± 1.29 μM.
S5126 Aleuritic Acid Aleuritic Acid, a major constituent acid of lac resin (shellac), is isolated from the resin and mainly used in the perfumery industry as a starting material for the preparation of "musk" aroma compounds as well as medicinal and bioactive compounds.
S5134 D(-)-Arabinose D-Arabinose is a reducing sugar useful as a substrate in analysis of arabinose isomerases and synthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid in yeast.
S5135 Hydroferulic acid Hydroferulic acid, also known as Dihydroferulic acid, is classified as a member of the phenylpropanoic acids. It is slightly soluble in water and acidic.
S4828 Sodium carbonate Sodium Carbonate is the disodium salt of carbonic acid with alkalinizing property.
S4938 Cedrol Cedrol, a natural occuring sesquiterpene alcohol, is a potent competitive inhibitor of CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase with inhibition constant (Ki) value of 0.9 μM. It also inhibits CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with a Ki value of 3.4 μM while only weakly inhibits CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 activities.
S4939 cis-Aconitic acid Cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid.
S4946 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta, also a product of human aspirin metabolism. It is a potentially useful iron-chelating drug and has antimicrobial properties.
S4962 Agmatine sulfate Agmatine sulfate is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It has been shown to increase nitric oxide, reduce blood sugar levels and even increase growth hormone levels.
S4893 Cytosine Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA used in storing and transporting genetic information within a cell.
S4958 Glycocholic acid Glycocholic acid is a natural secondary bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.
S4820 Diastase Diastase, a natural enzyme, catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose.
S4959 Skatole Skatole (3-Methylindole) is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound that occurs naturally in feces. It has a fairly broad bacteriostatic effect.
S4963 Purpurin Purpurin is one of the natural colorants extracted from madder roots and other Rubiaceae family plants. It exhibits anti-angiogenic, antifungal, antibiotic, and antioxidative activities.
S4966 4-Methylesculetin 4-methylesculetin is one of the coumarin derivatives with great anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
S4968 Cholesteryl Acetate Cholesteryl Acetate, present in diverse fluids, organs, and foods, is a natural and normal human cholesteryl ester.
S4830 Maltose Maltose, an non-essential nutrient that provides energy, is an intermediate in the intestinal digestion of glycogen and starch, and is found in germinating grains (and other plants and vegetables).
S5160 4-Methoxysalicylic acid 4-Methoxysalicylic acid, an arabinose derivative, is used in the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.
S5162 Isovanillic acid Isovanillic acid, a metabolite of isovanillin, is a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.
S5163 7-Methoxycoumarin 7-Methoxycoumarin, also known as Herniarin, is a methoxy derivative of coumarin and substrate for dealkylase. It has been used in the synthesis of anti-first-pass effect compounds and detergents.
S3950 Maltitol Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) used as a sugar substitute. It is especially useful in the production of sweets, including sugarless hard candies, chewing gum, chocolates.
S3951 Tannic acid Tannic acid, a polyphenolic compound, is a CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitor with antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity.
S5113 Propyl gallate Propyl gallate is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils, also in a wide variety of cosmetics and beauty care products.
S4799 Indole-3-acetic acid Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development.
S5167 Benzyl cinnamate Benzyl cinnamate, a flavouring agent isolated from various plant species, is used in heavy oriental perfumes and as a fixative.
S5168 Anthraquinone Anthraquinones are the main active constituents in herbs often used to relieve constipation.
S5174 Kojic acid Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite that inhibits tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 30.6 µM for mushroom tyrosinase. It is a synthetic intermediate used for production of food additives.
S5175 (-)-Ambroxide Ambroxide, a naturally occurring terpenoid, is one of the key constituents responsible for the odor of ambergris and an autoxidation product of ambrein.
S4762 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is a plant metabolite that can act as a qualitative reagent for ferric iron.
S4765 Syringaldehyde Syringaldehyde is an organic compound that occurs naturally in trace amounts. It possesses worthy bioactive properties and is, therefore, used in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles, pulp and paper industries, and even in biological control applications.
S4768 Melibiose Melibiose is a nondigestible disaccharide that consists of one galactose and one glucose moiety in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.
S5110 Safflower Yellow Safflor Yellow (SY), the main active constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Safflower, is known as a neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation.
S5116 Bilibubin Bilirubin is a tetrapyrrole and a breakdown product of heme catabolism that acts as a physiological, chain-breaking antioxidant.
S4769 L-5-Hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan, is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
S4770 Creatine phosphate disodium salt Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.
S4771 β-thujaplicin β-Thujaplicin (β-TH, Hinokitiol) is a toxic tropolone derivative present in the heartwood of western red cedar (Thuja plicata) and is used as a preservative and antimicrobial additive in a number of commercial goods.
S4772 alpha-Asarone Alpha (α)-asarone is one of the main pharmacologically active compounds present in Acorus calamus Linn (Acoraceae), Acorus tatarinowii Schott (Acoraceae), and Acorus gramineus Solander. It has anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and nootropic effects.
S4773 Adrenosterone Adrenosterone is endogenous steroid hormone that has been promoted as a dietary supplement capable of reducing body fat and increasing muscle mass.
S4774 Xanthurenic Acid Xanthurenic acid, a molecule arising from tryptophan metabolism by transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine, activates mGlu2/3 Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3).
S4776 Harmaline Harmaline, a natural occurrence β-carboline alkaloid, is a central nervous system stimulant and an acetylcholinesterase (AChR) inhibitor; also inhibits histamine N-methyltransferase.
S4777 Plumbagin Plumbagin, a quinoid constituent isolated from the root of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L, exerts anticancer and antiproliferative activities in animal models and in cell culture.
S3896 (1R,2R)-trans-N-Boc-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (1R,2R)-trans-N-Boc-1,2-cyclohexanediamine is an intermediate in organic synthesis.
S3897 (-)-Arctigenin (-)-Arctigenin, a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae, exerts biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer.
S4781 Xanthoxyline Xanthoxylin, isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree), is a cytotoxic and fungicidal compound with the characteristics of a typical phytoalexin.
S3899 Hederagenin Hederagenin is a highly water insoluble triterpenoid compound that can be found in various plants including Hedera helix and Chenopodium quinoa. It exhibits a variety of biological activities, including potent antitumor properties both in vitro and in vivo.
S3900 Betulonic acid Betulonic acid, derived from betulinol, a pentacyclic styrene, has shown a highly specific anti-prostate cancer activity in in vitro cell cultures.
S4783 Benzyl isothiocyanate Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is an isothiocyanate originally found in cruciferous vegetables that exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic, antibiotic, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and chemopreventive activities.
S3902 Ursonic acid Ursonic acid, present in many plants, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that can be used as a cosmetics additive and serve as a starting material for synthesis of more potent bioactive derivatives, such as experimental antitumor agents.
S4784 Phloracetophenone Phloracetophenone, or 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THA), the aglycone component of phloracetophenone glucoside, is a naturally occurring compound obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma comosa (Family Zingiberaceae).
S3903 Lycorine Lycorine is a toxic crystalline alkaloid found in various Amaryllidaceae species that weakly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ascorbic acid biosynthesis.
S3904 Isoimperatorin Isoimperatorin, a natural furanocoumarin that can be isolated from a variety of plant parts, has analgesic, antimicrobial, vascular relaxing and anticancer activities.
S3905 Iso-Steviol Isosteviol (ISV) is mainly obtained by acid hydrolysis of stevioside, the sweet food additive extracted from the plant Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni (Bertoni). It possesses various biological activities including anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
S4787 Methyl syringate Methyl syringate, a plant phenolic compound, is a specific and selective TRPA1 agonist.
S4788 L-α-Phosphatidylcholine L-α-phosphatidylcholine, a surfactant and a constituent of the liposomal carrier system, has shown hepatoprotection in the various hepatotoxicity model.
S4791 S-allyl-L-cysteine S-Allyl cysteine (SAC), a natural constituent of fresh garlic, has antioxidant and anticancer properties in animals.
S4792 N-Acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in mammalian cells. Sialic acids are negatively charged monosaccharides attached to the end of sugar chains, giving rise to a wide variety of glycoproteins and glycolipids in biological fluids and cell membranes.
S4793 Cedryl acetate Cedryl Acetate, an acetylated from cedarwood oil, has been applied to chemistry for its properties as a chiral and cell signaling reagent with antifungal and immunotoxicity functions.
S4800 Daminozide Daminozide, a plant growth regulator, selectively inhibits the KDM2/7 JmjC subfamily with IC50 of 1.5±0.7 μM for KDM2A. It is at least 100-fold selective as an inhibitor of the KDM2/7 subfamily over the other demethylase subfamily members tested, with IC50s of 2 μM or less against KDM2A, PHF8, and KIAA1718 and IC50s of 127 μM for KDM3A or greater (mM range) against other demethylases.
S4809 3-Indolepropionic acid 3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA), a gut microbial metabolite, is a potent neuroprotective antioxidant and plant auxin.
S5124 DL-Citrulline L-Citrulline (Cit) is a naturally occurring nonessential amino acid which is the key intermediate in the urea cycle.
S5136 Calcium folinate Calcium folinate is a metabolically active, reduced form of folic acid that is rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized in the liver to other folic acid derivatives.
S3980 Pyridoxine Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, is a form of vitamin B6 found commonly in food and used as dietary supplement. It is a cofactor for both glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA transaminase.
S3967 Flavone Flavone, a class of flavonoids, mainly found in spices and red or purple plant foods with antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, estrogenic, acetyl cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory activities and are also used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders etc.
S3975 Protocatechuic acid Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a dihydroxybenzoic acid, is a type of widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid.
S3976 Acetylvanillin Acetylvanillin, also known as Vanillin acetate, is found in pulses and is a flavouring material.
S3977 (-)-Borneol (-)-Borneol, one of enantiomers of borneol, has a camphoraceous and evident woody odor.
S4821 Glycine Glycine is a non-essential, non-polar, non-optical, glucogenic amino acid that is primarily found in gelatin and silk fibroin. It is involved in the body's production of DNA, phospholipids and collagen, and in release of energy.
S4826 Aluminium hydroxide Aluminium hydroxide, found in nature as the mineral gibbsite, is amphoteric (i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties). It is used to treat symptoms of increased stomach acid, such as heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach, or acid indigestion; also reduce phosphate levels in people with certain kidney conditions.
S3986 L(+)-Arabinose L-Arabinose (l-Ara) is a plant saccharide that is not found in animals. It is a component of cell wall and may be useful as a natural pharmaceutical.
S3987 L-Tryptophan L-tryprophan is an essential amino acid that acts like a natural mood regulator that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults.
S3989 L-Hisidine L-Hisidine is an α-amino acid needed in humans for growth and tissue repair. It is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
S3990 Trans-Anethole Trans-anethole is a phenylpropene derivative found in many essential oils, including anise oil. It has neuromodulatory, anxiolytic, antioxidative, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities.
S4972 Choline Glycerophosphate Choline Glycerophosphate is a choline derivative and one of the two major forms of choline storage (along with phosphocholine) in the cytosol.
S4981 Cyclogalegenol Cyclogalegenol, the aglycone derivative of astragaloside A, is found in various species of Astragalus and may activate telomerase.
S4982 2,2'?',2''-Terthiophene 2,2':5',2''-Terthiophene is a natural product occurring in marigold which shows UV-enhanced antibiotic activity.
S4983 Sorbic acid Sorbic acid is a naturally occurring compound that originated from the unripe berries of the Rowan Tree. It inhibits various bacteria, including sporeformers, at various stages of their life cycle (germination, outgrowth and cell division).
S5090 4-Isopropylbenzyl Alcohol 4-Isopropylbenzyl Alcohol, isolated from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, is a compound with insect repellent properties.
S5091 Geranyl acetate Geranyl acetate is a natural organic compound that is used primarily as a component of perfumes for creams and soaps and as a flavoring ingredient.
S5083 Lentinan Lentinan, isolated and purified from a hot water extract of Lentinula edodes fruit bodies, is a fungal polysaccharide immunomodulator with anti-tumor effects.
S5089 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde Cuminaldehyde (4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde), a natural organic compound, is a kind of pharmaceutical intermediate with a pleasant smell and contributes to the aroma of essential oils.
S5086 p-Anisaldehyde p-Anisaldehyde (4-methoxybenzaldehyde), an extract from Pimpinella anisum seeds, exhibits antifungal activity against a number of yeast and mold strains in laboratory media, fruit purees and fruit juices.
S5220 D-Pantethine Pantethine is a naturally occurring compound synthesized in the body from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) via addition of cysteamine and used as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides.
S3982 Batyl alcohol Batyl alcohol, isolated from shark liver oil, is also present in yellow bone marrow of animals and has been described as an inflammatory agent.
S5156 4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde 4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde, a naturally occurring product, has a range of industrial applications in the preparation of organic compounds, drugs and therapeutic agents.
S5154 Tetrahydropiperine Tetrahydropiperine, derived from piperine, can be used to treat convulsion, epilepsy, relieve pain, and control insects.
S5153 Tetrahydroberberine Tetrahydroberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with micromolar affinity for dopamine D2 (antagonist, pKi = 6.08) and 5-HT1A (agonist, pKi = 5.38) receptors but moderate to no affinity for other relevant serotonin receptors.
S5155 Raffinose Raffinose is a complex carbohydrate, a trisaccharide composed of galactose, fructose, and glucose. It can be broken apart into galactose and sucrose via the enzyme alpha-galactosidase.
S5152 Breviscapinun Breviscapine, a flavonoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Erigerin breviscapus, exerts a broad range of cardiovascular pharmacological effects, including vasodilation and protection against ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R).
S5226 L-carnosine L-carnosine is an antioxidant naturally found in skeletal muscle, brain tissue, and the heart that protects cells against oxidative stress.
S3970 Vindoline Vindoline is a chemical precursor to vinblastine and exhibits antimitotic activity by inhibiting microtubule assembly.
S3971 Fusidine Fusidine, isolated from Fusidium coccineum, is a steroidal antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis.
S3972 Lobeline hydrochloride Lobeline hydrochloride is an alkaloid that acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent than nicotine. It is also a VMAT2 ligand and an antagonist of μ-opioid receptors.
S5318 Acacetin Acacetin is a flavonoid compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-peroxidative effects.
S2254 4-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin(NSC-122819,VM-26) 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin is an antimitotic agent which binds to monomeric tubulin, preventing micro-tubule polymerization. It is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly.
S5335 Corey Lactone Diol Corey Lactone Diol is a pharmaceutical intermediate.
S5336 Hecogenin Hecogenin, a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana, is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of UGT1A4 with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM.
S5338 L(-)-Sorbose L(-)-Sorbose is a ketose sugar that is commonly used in the commercial synthesis of ascorbic acid.
S5526 β-Alanine β-Alanine is a naturally occurring beta amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. It acts as a neurotransmitter by activating glycine and GABA receptors.
S5343 Vanillic acid Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent which is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid.
S5337 Rauwolscine hydrochloride Rauwolscine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of Rauwolscine, a specific and potent α2 antagonist with Ki of 12 nM.
S5342 Dihydrojasmone Dihydrojasmone, belonging to the family of ketones, is an aroma compound for perfumery uses.
S5339 4-Allylanisole 4-Allylanisole (Estragole) is a natural organic compound that is a component of various trees and plants. It is used in the preparation of fragrances.
S3785 Notoginsenoside R1 Notoginsenoside R1 is the main ingredient with cardiovascular activity in Panax notoginseng. It inhibits TNF-α-induced PAI-1 overexpression via extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathways.
S5345 Nerolidol Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. It has diverse range of pharmacological and biological activities including antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, anti-ulcer, skin penetration enhancer, anti-tumor, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties.
S5347 2-Phenylethylamine 2-Phenylethylamine is a natural monoamine alkaloid that functions as a monoaminergic neuromodulator or a neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system.
S5348 Pherocon (4-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) Pherocon (4-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) is a standard melon fly attractant for detection programs.
S5440 Berberine Sulfate Berberine sulfate, an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
S3772 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an important bio-sourced intermediate, formed from carbohydrates such as glucose or fructose and used for production of fuels and chemical intermediates.
S3792 Guggulsterone E&Z Guggulsterone is one of the active constituent of Commiphora mukul. It occurs in two isomeric forms, namely Z-GS and E-GS. Guggulsterone act as antagonist ligands for the bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor, and as active ingredients responsible for the hypolipidemic activity.
S3805 Stevioside Stevioside is a natural sweetener extracted from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni.
S5583 Cinnamyl acetate Cinnamyl acetate is a naturally occuring compound used as a flavouring agent.
S5584 Citronellol Citronellol, a constituent of rose and geranium oils, is used in perfumes and insect repellents.
S5419 1,4-Cineole  
S3894 Cycloastragenol Cycloastragenol is a saponin comprising a group of oil glucosides naturally present in a number of plants. It is a potent telomerase activator in neuronal cells.
S5380 7-Hydroxyflavone 7-Hydroxyflavone is a potent inhibitor of CYP1A1 with a Ki value of 0.015 μM and exhibits 6-fold greater selectivity for CYP1A1 over CYP1A2. It also has excellent antioxidant properties and great potential to be applied as medicines.
S3895 Sophoridine Sophoridine, a natural product obtained from medicinal plants, has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer and anti-arrhythmia, and affects the immune and central nervous systems.
S5381 Behenic Acid Behenic Acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that exists naturally as a triglyceride in canola. It act as a lubricant that helps restore the skin's natural oils and improve overall levels of hydration.
S5429 Diallyl sulfide Diallyl sulfide, a thioether found naturally in garlic, is a selective inhibitor and also a substrate of CYP2E1 with an IC50 of 17.3 μM. It has protective effects against alcohol- and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in many studies.
S3849 D-Galactose D-Galactose is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.
S3850 Glucosamine sulfate Glucosamine sulfate is a dietary supplement commonly used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. It is a type of glycosaminoglycan, which is a naturally occurring major component of joint cartilage and joint fluid.
S3851 Camphor Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially cinnamomum camphora and used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
S3852 L-Theanine L-Theanine is a relaxing and nondietary amino acid found pretty much exclusively in teas from Camellia sinensis and is known to promote relaxation without sedation.
S3854 Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the Corydalis genus (Yan Hu Suo), but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda. It is a potent muscle relaxant.
S3855 Ethyl ferulate Ethyl ferulate is the alkyl ester derivative of ferulic acid which is a naturally occurring plant product with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antiproliferative activities.
S3856 Allantoin Allantoin, produced from uric acid, is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms including animals, plants and bacteria.
S3857 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an important phenolic constituent of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), has been shown to have many beneficial effects in different animal models of neurological disorders, such as, headaches, convulsive behavior, dizziness, and vertigo.
S3858 Lawsone Lawsone is a red-orange dye present in the leaves of the henna plant (Lawsonia inermis) as well as in the flower of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).
S3859 Vanillyl Alcohol Vanillyl alcohol, derived from vanillin, is used to flavor food.
S5618 Hippuric acid Hippuric Acid is an acyl glycine produced by the conjugation of benzoic acid and glycine, found as a normal component in urine as a metabolite of aromatic compounds from food.
S3862 Gallic acid trimethyl ether Gallic acid trimethyl ether (Eudesmic acid) is an O-methylated trihydroxybenzoic acid that is found in olive.
S3864 Dulcitol Galactitol (dulcitol) is a naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose.
S3865 Taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid formed in the liver of most species, is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
S3866 Galanthamine Galantamine is a phenanthrene alkaloid and a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.35 μM, exhibits 50-fold selectivity against butyryl-cholinesterase. It is studied as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
S3867 Cardamonin Cardamonin is a naturally occurring chalcone with strong anti-inflammatory activity. It is a novel TRPA1 antagonist with IC50 of 454 nM and also a NF-kB inhibitor.
S3868 Harmine Harmine is an alkaloid of the β-carboline family that regulates PPARγ expression through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. It also selectively binds to MAO-A and reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) but not the variant MAO-B.
S3870 D-Pinitol D-pinitol is a naturally occurring compound derived from soy and has significant pharmacological activitites such as inhibition of the T-helpercell-1 response, antiviral, larvicidal, antiinflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, inhibition of ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and antioxidant.
S3872 Guaiacol Guaiacol is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. It is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenoland vanillin.
S5636 Methyl furan-2-carboxylate Methyl furan-2-carboxylate (Methyl 2-furoate) is found in cocoa and cocoa products. It is used in food flavouring and preparation of sesquiterpene lactone.
S3981 Sinapinic Acid Sinapinic acid, or sinapic acid is a small naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid which belongs to phenylpropanoid family and commonly used as matrix in MALDI mass spectrometry.
S3983 Caryophyllene oxide "Caryophyllene oxide, an oxygenated terpenoid existed in many plant essential oil, is well known as preservative in food, drugs and cosmetics with anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and skin enhan- cing properties. "
S3984 Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic antioxidant found in the leaves and twigs of the evergreen desert shrub, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville (creosote bush). It is a recognized inhibitor of lipoxygenase (LOX) and has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
S5105 Proanthocyanidins Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins, are a class of polyphenols found in a variety of plants. They are very powerful antioxidants that remove harmful free oxygen radicals from cells.
S5148 2-Methylenebutyrolactone 2-Methylenebutyrolactone, also known as α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) (Tulipalin A), belongs to the class of sesquiterpene lactone family and is considered as cyclic analog of most common vinyl monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).
S5119 Olivetol Olivetol is a naturally occurring organic compound being a precursor in various syntheses of tetrahydrocannabinol. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2.
S5149 Soybean isoflavones Soy isoflavones are phytochemicals of intense interest due to their association with a variety of health protective effects.
S5150 Phytosterols Phytosterols, also called plant sterols or stanol esters, are specialized compounds found in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol found in humans.
S5151 Gypenoside Gypenoside (GP) is the predominant effective component of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and possesses capacities against inflammation and oxidation.
S3956 Tetramethylpyrazine Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine, TMP) is a natural compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.
S3957 Gamma-Oryzanol Gamma-oryzanol (GO), a nutriactive phytochemical naturally occurring in crude rice bran oil, is an antioxidant compound used to treat hyperlipidemia, disorders of menopause and to increase the muscle mass.
S3959 (+)-Borneol (+)-Borneol is one of enantiomers of borneol which is a valuable medical material, senior aromatic spice, and chemical material and has been used in food and also folk medicine.
S5140 Cinene Cinene (Limonene, Dipentene) is a clear, colorless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in oil of citrus fruit peels. It is usually used to make fragrances and flavors.
S3962 Dihydroactinidiolide Dihydroactinidiolide is known to be a bioactive molecule in animals. It is a component of pheromones in insects, such as red fire ants and in mammals such as the Cat and the Red Fox.
S3963 DL-Glutamine Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes.
S3968 Histamine Histamine, an organic nitrogenous compound, is involved in local immune responses regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. It is a potent H1 and H2 receptor agonist.
S5120 Elemicin Elemicin is a constituent of the oleoresin and the essential oil of Canarium luzonicum.
S5121 Phytol Phytol, a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα.
S5139 Methyl Dihydrojasmonate Methyl dihydrojasmonate is a flavouring ingredien with the smell vaguely similar to jasmin.
S5138 Citral Citral is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde present in the oils of several plants. It is an aroma compound used in perfumery for its citrus effect and is also used as a flavor and for fortifying lemon oil.
S4754 Betulin Betulin (BE), also known as betulinol, betuline, or betulinic alcohol, is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid naturally distributed in many plants and displays a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological properties such as anticancer and chemopreventive activity.
S3955 Uric Acid Uric Acid, a normal component of urine, is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides.
S3973 L-SelenoMethionine L-SelenoMethionine (SeMet), a naturally occurring amino acid, is a major food-form of selenium. It has been used as a supplement, and exhibits some important functions like cancer prevention and antioxidative defense.
S4766 Gibberellic acid Gibberellic acid (GA), a plant hormone stimulating plant growth and development, is a tetracyclic di-terpenoid compound.
S3948 Spermine Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria.
S2283 Cinchonine(LA40221) Cinchonine is an alkaloid and a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonidine.
S3761 Eucalyptol Eucalyptol is a natural organic compound which controls airway mucus hypersecretion and asthma via anti-inflammatory cytokine inhibition.
S3763 Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde is a flavonoid that is naturally synthesized by the shikimate pathway. Its supplementation can improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in diabetic animals; a TRPA1 agonist.
S3654 Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) that acts as a mitochondrial stabilizer and anti-apoptotic agent in several models of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, Parkinson's diseases (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD).
S3752 isoleucine Isoleucine is a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
S3753 L-Leucine Leucine is one of nine essential amino acids in humans which is important for protein synthesis and many metabolic functions. It contributes to regulation of blood-sugar levels; growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue; growth hormone production; and wound healing.
S3653 Spermidine trihydrochloride Spermidine, a natural polyamine produced from putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM) by spermidine synthase, is a novel autophagy inducer and negatively modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA).
S3754 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid and widely used in organic synthesis. It is the most widely distributed aromatic organic acid in the vegetable kingdom.
S3893 Bornyl acetate Bornyl acetate, the main volatile constituent in numerous conifer oils and some Chinese traditional herbs, exhibits anti-inflammatory property and it is used as an analgesic.
S3758 Cucoline hydrochloride, Kukoline hydrochloride, Sabianine A hydrochloride Sinomenine (SN), extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant, sinomenium acutum, is a potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.
S3755 Betaine Betaine, a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets, has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.
S3757 2'-Deoxyinosine 2'-deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
S3770 Sodium Aescinate Sodium aescinate (SA) is a widely-applied triterpene saponin product derived from horse chestnut seeds, possessing vasoactive and organ-protective activities with oral or injection administration in the clinic.
S3681 Vitamin E Acetate Vitamin E Acetate is the stable form of Vitamin E most often used in cosmetic formulations for its skin care benefits. It protects the cells against free radicals and prevents the peroxidation of body fats as an in-vivo antioxidant.
S3853 Perillyl alcohol Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants.
S3860 Allicin Allicin, the main biologically active component of the freshly crushed garlic extracts, possesses various biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic effects.
S3871 Muscone Muscone, a flavouring ingredient, is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk and also a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
S3762 Methylnonylketone Methylnonylketone, also known as 2-Undecanone and IBI-246, is a natural non-toxic insect repellant compound.
S3789 Tiglic acid Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. It is used in making perfumes and flavoring agents.
S3790 Methyl gallate Methyl Gallate is a plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.
S3791 Succinic acid Succinic acid is a crystalline organic acid which occurs in living tissue as an intermediate in glucose metabolism.
S3793 Phytic acid Phytic acid is the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially bran and seeds. It can act as a cofactor in DNA repair by nonhomologous end-joining.
S3794 Palmitic acid Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms with anti-tumor activity.
S3795 Phloretic acid Phloretic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound which can be produced by the hydrogenation of p-coumaric acid or synthesized from phloretin, a by-product of apple tree leaves.
S3796 Rebaudioside A Rebaudioside A (Stevia Extract), an natural sweetening ingredient extracted from the stevia leaf, is used in powder or liquid form to heighten sweetening intensity and improve taste.
S3797 Helicide Helicide (4-formylphenyl-O-β-d-allopyranoside), a main active constituent from seeds of the Chinese herb Helicia nilagirica, has been reported to exert a sedative, analgesic and hypnotic effect, and is used clinically to treat neurasthenic syndrome, vascular headaches and trigeminal neuralgia.
S3799 Gentisic acid Gentisic acid, an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation, has a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties.
S3717 Testosterone Enanthate Testosterone Enanthate is an androgen and anabolic steroid used in androgen replacement therapy.
S3802 Trigonelline Hydrochloride Trigonelline, a major alkaloid component of fenugreek, has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, antimigraine, sedative, memory-improving, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-tumor activities, and also has been shown to reduce diabetic auditory neuropathy and platelet aggregation.
S3803 Angelic acid Angelic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid that is mostly found in the plants of the family Apiaceae.
S3812 Monocrotaline Monocrotaline (MCT) is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) that causes a pulmonary vascular syndrome in rats characterized by proliferative pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale.
S3886 Quinic acid Quinic acid is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid.
S3887 L-Rhamnose monohydrate L-Rhamnose monohydrate is used as a starting material for the production of furanones. It is an important material involved in the reaction of flavors developed during the preparation of various foods like bread, grilled meats, etc.
S3742 Cholic acid Cholic acid is a naturally occurring bile acid that is insoluble in water and is used to treat patients with genetic deficiencies in the synthesis of bile acids.
S3679 Flavanone Flavanones show strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activity, and appear to be associated with a reduced risk of certain chronic diseases, the prevention of some cardiovascular disorders, and certain kinds of cancer. Flavanones also exhibit antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, beneficial effects on capillary fragility, and an ability to inhibit human platelet aggregation, anti-ulcer, and anti-allergenic properties.
S4808 L-Cystine L-Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid L-cysteine which is a non-essential amino acid of the human body. It is required for wound healing and formation of epithelial tissue.
S4811 VitaMin U Vitamin U (Methylmethionine chloride) is a vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.
S5107 Flavin mononucleotide Flavin mononucleotide is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors.
S5108 Tylosin Tylosin is a macrolide-class broad spectrum antibiotic that's used in veterinary medicine to treat felines, canines and livestock.
S3627 Tryptamine Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid and may play a role as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter. It is an agonist of hTAAR1. It acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA).
S3626 Sesamol Sesamol, a natural organic compound, is regarded as a major antioxidant component in the oil with chemoprevention, antimutagenic, and antihepatotoxic activities. It induces apoptosis of cancer and cardiovascular cells.
S3625 Tyramine Tyramine is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine and acts as a catecholamine releasing agent.
S3624 Quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid, a neuroactive metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is an agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.
S5578 Pentamethylenediamine Cadaverine is a foul-smelling diamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of lysine that occurs during protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue.
S3629 Syringic acid Syringic acid (SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. It has potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties.
S3630 Methyl Vanillate Methyl Vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces osteoblast differentiation in vitro.
S5362 Citicholine Citicholine is a naturally occurring compound that acts as nutrient with a broad spectrum of benefits for conditions associated with symptoms of neurological dysfunction. As an endogenous compound, it is also an essential intermediate in the synthesis of cell membrane phospholipids and its formation is the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
S3687 Urea Urea is a highly soluble organic compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
S5368 Lactitol Lactitol is a versatile, reduced calorie sweetener derived from natural milk sugar, used in a wide variety of sweetening applications.
S4955 Acetosyringone Acetosyringone is a phenolic natural product with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions.
S5571 L-Asparagine L-Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue.
S5594 α-Terpineol α-Terpineol, a natural monoterpene, is the major component of essential oils of several species of aromatic plants such as Origanium vulgare L. and Ocimum canum Sims which are widely used for medicinal purposes. It is widely used in the manufacturing of cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, antiseptic agents and is considered one of the most frequently used fragrance compounds.
S5576 Benzyl acetate Benzyl acetate, usually found in alcoholic beverages, is a flavouring agent.
S5585 Citronellal Citronellal, a monoterpenoid found in oil of citronella, lemon, and lemon grass, has insect repellent properties and is used in perfumes.
S5408 Isoprene Isoprene, also called 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is usually used as a chemical raw materia.
S5598 p-Cymene p-Cymene is a naturally occurring aromatic organic compound produced by high purity separate technique which is applied in distilling of gum turpentine oil.
S5580 Arabic gum Arabic gum, derived from exudates of Acacia senegal or Acacia seyal trees, is a complex polysaccharide indigestible to both humans and animals and considered as a safe dietary fiber.
S3675 Umbelliferone Umbelliferone is a 7-hydroxycoumarin that is a pharmacologically active agent. It is a fluorescing compound used as a sunscreen agent and shows good inhibitions of DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and ABTS radicals with anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycaemic, molluscicidal and anti-tumor activities.
S3677 Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid, a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid of low toxicity, induces cytostasis and a reversal of malignant properties of human tumor cells in vitro.
S3661 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, isolated from the leaves of Impatiens glandulifera, specifically suppressed the expression of PKC βI, δ, and ζ in a concentration-dependent manner in Raji cells.
S3652 3-Nitropropionic acid 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory Complex II succinate dehydrogenase, resulting in energy depletion through disruption of the electron transport chain.
S5513 Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate Calcium Saccharate is the calcium salt form of glucaric acid, a natural substance found in many fruits and vegetables, with potential anti-cancer property.
S5518 D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt is the disodium salt form of D-Glucose 6-phosphate, a common form of glucose within the cell, participating in two major metabolic pathways: glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. It can be coverted to glycogen or starch for storage.
S2416 Chondroitin sulfate Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of many connective tissues, including cartilage, bone, skin, ligaments and tendons. It reduces the IL-1β-induced nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) translocation in chondrocytes in vitro.
S5327 Meisoindigo Meisoindigo, a derivative of Indigo naturalis, is an active compound of a Chinese anti-leukemia medicine that has been effectively used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
S5599 Sodium cholate Sodium cholate (NaCh) is the sodium salt of the naturally occurring cholic acid, a bile salt produced by the liver, with strong solubilization capacity of water-insoluble substances.
S5575 2-Benzoxazolinone 2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA), a well-known allelochemical with strong phytotoxicity, is a potential herbicidal candidate and probably functions via interfering with auxins or disrupting membrane integrity.
S5579 Chelidonic acid Chelidonic acid is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals.
S5588 Creatine Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates. It facilitates the recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) primarily in muscle and brain tissue.
S3605 Borneol Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpenoid compound extracted from medicinal plants such as Blumea balsamifera, and Dryobalanops aromatica. It is a TRPM8 agonist that increases ocular surface wetness.
S5614 (+)-Longifolene (+)-Longifolene is a naturally occurring, oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins
S3619 Citicoline sodium Citicoline is an essential intermediate in the synthesis of the major phospholipid of the cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). It increases plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels and potentiates serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels by activating the central cholinergic system.
S5595 3-Carene 3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene which occurs naturally as a constituent of turpentine.
S5376 Decyl aldehyde Decanal is a naturally occuring organic compound that is used in fragrances and flavoring.
S5551 6-Paradol 6-Paradol is a minor constituent of ginger, mainly formed from 6-gingerol via 6-shogaol, and exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities.
S5379 Fenchyl Alcohol Fenchyl Alcohol is used as a flavoring agent to provide a pine, herbal, lemon, or floral taste to food and drink.
S5530 Geraniol Geraniol is a terpene alcohol occurring in the essential oils of several aromatic plants used in the flavour and fragrance industries. It also exhibits insecticidal and repellent properties and used as a natural pest control agent exhibiting low toxicity.
S5237 Dihydroartemisinic acid Dihydroartemisinic acid is a natural product from Artemisia annua and the main direct precursor of artemisinin, which is a medicinal herb that is widely used to treat Malaria.
S5516 Ellagic Acid hydrate Ellagic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 with IC50s of 0.04, 2.9 and 3.5 μM for CK2, Lyn and PKA respectively. It shows potent antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and antidepressant properties.
S3612 Rosmarinic acid Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated compound. It has the ability to block complement fixation, inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity and inhibit the expression of CCL11 and CCR3 by suppressing the IKK-β activity in NF-κB activation signaling.
S3609 Berbamine (dihydrochloride) Berbamine (BBM) is a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline product isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Berberis amurensis. It is a novel inhibitor of bcr/abl fusion gene with potent anti-leukemia activity and also an inhibitor of NF-κB.
S5512 Juglone Juglone, a natural naphthoquinone found in the black walnut and other plants, has moderate antifungal activity and growth-stimulating effects to many types of plants. It sometimes can be used as an herbicide, as a dye for cloth and inks, and as a coloring agent for foods and cosmetics.
S5312 Urolithin A Urolithin A, a metabolite of ellagitannin, is a first-in-class natural compound that induces mitophagy both in vitro and in vivo following oral consumption.
S3880 Schisantherin A Schisantherin A, also known as Gomisin C, is a dibenzocyclooctadiene that exhibits anti-tussive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and cardioprotective activities.
S3882 Brassinolide Brassinolide, a plant steroid isolated from Brassica napus pollen, promotes cell elongation and cell devision and thus regulates plant growth and development.
S3776 Sophoricoside Sophoricoside (SOPH) is an isoflavone isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) with numerous pharmacological effects, including anti- inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive effects.
S5249 Coptisine chloride Coptisine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma with anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-hepatoma, and anti-leukemia effects.
S3814 Tubeimoside I Tubeimoside I (TBMS1), a triterpenoid saponin, isolated from the tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum, shows potent antitumor and antitumor-promoting effects.
S4937 4'-Hydroxychalcone 4'-Hydroxychalcone, found in herbs and spices and tea, is a member of the class of compounds known as retrochalcones. It has diverse biological activities, inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and activating BMP signaling.
S3879 kaempferide kaempferide, a natural compound derived from the roots of kaempferia galanga, has a variety of effects including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties.
S5049 Thiocolchicoside Thiocolchicoside is a natural occuring glycoside originated from the flower seeds of superba gloriosa with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties as well as pronounced convulsant activity. It is also an antagonist of GABAA receptor.
S8279 Shikonin Shikonin, a potent and specific Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. It is also an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channel activity using cell-based fluorescent-quenching assay.
S3822 Schisandrin A Schisandrin A (Sch A) is an active component of Schisandrae Fructus with liver-protective, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. It is an agonist of the adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) with the IC50 value of 3.5 μM.
S4738 Arctiin Arctiin acts on an agonists of the adiponectin receptor 1 with anti-cancer effects.
S3807 Dehydroandrographolide Dehydroandrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees (Chuan-xin-lian), is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity.
S8132 Deguelin Deguelin, a natural product isolated from plants in the Mundulea sericea family, is an PI3K/AKT Inhibitor.
S3942 Cardamonin Cardamonin, isolated from the fruits of Alpinia species, is a chalconoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. It has been shown to be a novel antagonist of hTRPA1 cation channel with IC50 of 454 nM while does not interact with TRPV1 nor TRPV4 channel.
S3824 Quercitrin Quercitrin (3-rhamnosyl quercetin), a glycoside of quercetin, has been found as a main bioactive constituent in T. sinensis leaves and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities.
S3910 4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone 4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone, isolated from the leaves of Albizzia lebbeck, shows antifungal activity in vitro.
S3832 Euphorbiasteroid Euphorbiasteroid, a component of Euphorbia lathyris L., inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through activation of the AMPK pathway and induces HL-60 cells to apoptosis via promoting Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.
S4884 Trans-Zeatin Trans-Zeatina is the member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins, which regulate cell division, development, and nutrient processing.
S3818 Tectoridin Tectoridin, an isoflavone isolated from flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana, has several pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotectivy.
S3756 Methyl salicylate Methyl salicylate is an organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens. It is an agonist for TRPA1 and TRPV1.
S4603 Gallic acid Gallic acid, known as powerful antioxidants, is an organic acid found in a variety of foods and herbs.
S3821 Nuciferine Nuciferine is a major active aporphine alkaloid from the leaves of N. nucifera Gaertn and possesses anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypotensive, anti-arrhythmic, and insulin secretagogue activities.
S3823 Schizandrol A Schizandrol A is one of the effective components in the dried fruit of Schizandra chinensis Bail and works by increasing dopamine, a neurotransmitter, in the brain.
S3841 Eleutheroside B Eleutheroside B (syringin) is a phenylpropanoid glycoside first isolated from A. senticosus and has neuroprotective, tonic, adaptogenic, and immune-modulating properties.
S3845 Panaxadiol Panaxadiol is a triterpene sapogenin originally found in species of Panax (ginseng) and exhibits anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities. It inhibits Ca2+ channels, decreasing channel open time and open state probability in vitro and displaying anti-arrhythmic potential.
S3847 Panaxatriol Panaxatriol is a triterpene sapogenin originally found in species of Panax (ginseng) and exhibits anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities.
S3848 Hydroxytyrosol Acetate Hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTy-Ac), an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenol, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
S3778 Patchouli alcohol Patchouli alcohol, an ingredient in pogostemonis herba, has various pharmacological activities and acts as an inhibitor of asexual fungal propagation, inflammation, the influenza virus, and tumorigenesis.
S3912 Cephalotaxine Cephalotaxine is a naturally occurring alkaloid which is the structural motif of a number of compounds and has shown promising anti-cancer properties.
S3930 Liquiritin Liquiritin (LIQ) is a main component among the licorice flavonoids, and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer abilities.
S4758 Crocin Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). It has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations, and in Chinese traditional medicine as an anodyne or tranquilizer.
S3874 Curcumenol Curcumenol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Curcuma zedoaria, is known to possess a variety of health and medicinal values which includes neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits NF-κB activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation.
S3877 Lysionotin Lysionotin is a natural flavonoid predominantly found in fewflower lysionotus herbs and possesses many pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and free radical scavenging activities.
S3809 Imperatorin Imperatorin, a naturally occurring psoralen-type furanocoumarin, is a potent myorelaxant agent and acts as a calcium antagonist on vascular smooth muscle.
S3892 Isopsoralen Isopsoralen, also known as angelicin, is a constituent of roots and leaves of angelica with anti-inflammatory activity and regulates LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways. It also shows antiviral activity against gammaherpesviruses.
S3908 4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin 4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin is isolated from the herb of Dysosma pleiantha (Hance) Woodson with remarkable cytotoxic potential in diverse cancer cell lines.
S3938 Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is a natural demethoxy derivative of curcumin and possesses several biological activities, such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities.
S3890 Leonurine Leonurine, an active alkaloid extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine Herba leonuri, exerts several biological effects, such as antidiabetic, cardiovascular, and bovine mastitis protection.
S3774 Dehydroandrographolide Succinate Potasium Salt Dehydroandrographolide Succinate (DAS), extracted from herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees, is widely used for the treatment of viral pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections because of its immunostimulatory, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effect.
S3779 cis-Anethol Anethole has two isomers, the cis(Z) isomer being 15-38 times more toxic to animal than the trans(E) isomer. cis-Anethole is found in anise and Only a low level is permitted in flavours.
S3782 Neomangiferin Neomangiferin, a natural xanthone C-glycoside mainly obtained from the well-known traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, exhibits antidiabetic activity and antiosteoporotic action.
S3783 Echinacoside Echinacoside, a natural polyphenolic compound, has various biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative actions.
S3777 Gentiopicroside Gentiopicroside (GE), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, inhibits CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 with IC50 values of 21.8μg/ml and 594μg/ml, respectively in human liver microsomes, and dose not inhibit CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 activities.
S3784 Obacunone Obacunone, a natural compound present in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated for various biological activities including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. It significantly inhibits aromatase activity in an in vitro enzyme assay with an IC50 value of 28.04 μM; also a novel activator of Nrf2.
S3786 Glabridin Glabridin, one of the active phytochemicals in licorice extract, binds to and activates the ligand binding domain of PPARγ, as well as the full length receptor. It is also a GABAA receptor positive modulator promoting fatty acid oxidation and improving learning and memory.
S3787 Picroside I Picroside I, an iridoid glycoside, is a hepatoprotective agent which is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B.
S3780 Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a plant lignan isolated from flaxseed, has strong antioxidant activity, cardioprotective effects, reduces the blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and reduces the risk of hormone related cancer.
S3911 Veratramine Veratramine, a major alkaloid from Veratrum nigrum L., has distinct anti-tumor and anti-hypertension effects. It is a good membrane permeant, undergoes rapid passive diffusion, and has a good stability in the gastrointestinal tract during its absorption.
S3914 α-Hederin α-hederin is a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin which has shown hemolytic and apoptotic properties.
S3929 Liquiritigenin Liquiritigenin, the most active estrogenic compound from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis Fisch, selectively binds to ERβ with an IC50 value of 7.5 μM and activates multiple ER regulatory elements and native target genes with Erβ but not ERα.
S3932 Astilbin Astilbin, a flavonoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb, displays anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities.
S3760 Stachydrine hydrochloride Stachydrine is isolated from seed husk and the pulp of the fruit of C. Leonurus, and many other Asian plants and fruits. It has potent anti-metastatic activity and cardioprotective effects.
S3764 Isoferulic Acid Isoferulic acid, a major active ingredient of Cimicifuga heracleifolia, shows anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties.
S3766 Tanshinone IIA sulfonate (sodium) Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA isolated as the main pharmacologically active natural compound from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge known as Danshen; a potent negative allosteric modulator of the human purinergic receptor P2X7.
S3769 Palmatine Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has sedative, antidepressant, antioxidative, anti-ulcerative, antacid, anticancer, and anti-metastatic activities.
S3771 Stachydrine Stachydrine, also known as N,N-dimethylproline or proline betaine, is a quaternary ammonium derivative of proline that occurs widely in Medicago species. It is an osmoprotective compound found in urine.
S3773 Tyrosol Tyrosol is an antioxidant that is naturally present in several foods such as wines and green tea and is present most abundantly in olives.
S3775 Ligustrazine hydrochloride Tetramethylpyrazine, also known as ligustrazine, is a chemical compound found in natto and in fermented cocoa beans with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.
S5101 Tabersonine hydrochloride Tabersonine, an ingredient extracted from the bean of Voacanga africana, is a potent inhibitor against Aβ(1−42) aggregation and toxicity.
S2318 Lappaconitine Lappaconitine (LC) is a natural diterpenoid alkaloid (DTA), acting as a human heart sodium channel blocker and possessing a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anticancer, epileptiform etc.
S3788 Carvacrol Carvacrol, monoterpenic phenol isomeric with thymol, has diverse activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, an-timutagenic, antigenotoxic, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antiparasitic, antiplatelet, AChE inhibitory, antielastase, insecticidal, antihepatotoxic and hepatoprotective activities.
S5103 lutein Lutein is a vitamin-like carotenoid produced by plants, which contributes to the colour of some fruit and vegetables. It is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that can circulate in the plasma and confer cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects.
S3943 Lycopene Lycopene is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. It is a natural antioxidant.
S3960 Higenamine hydrochloride Higenamine, also known as Norcoclaurine HCl, is a non-selective β2 adrenoceptor agonist which is a chemical compound naturally occurring in a number of plants.
S2360 Solanesol (Nonaisoprenol) Solanesol is a long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohol compound with inhibitory activities toward FAK. It mainly accumulates in solanaceous crops, including tobacco, tomato, potato, eggplant, and pepper plants.
S3941 Pinocembrin Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
S5104 Tea polyphenol Tea polyphenols are chemical compounds such as flavanoids and tannins found naturally in tea. Several biological properties have been associated to tea polyphenols (TP), including antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic and antimicrobial activities.
S3939 4'-Methoxyresveratrol 4-Methoxyresveratrol is a stibenoid found in the Chinese herb Gnetum cleistostachyum.
S3940 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (3'-HPT) is one of the active constituents of Sphaerophysa salsula and Pterocarpus marsupium which may be useful in treating different types of haematological malignancies.
S3614 Lupeol Lupeol is a significant lupane-type triterpene represented in the plant, fungi and animal kingdoms with anticancer, antiprotozoal, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties.
S3747 Levothyroxine sodium Levothyroxine is the major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. It is the agonist of Thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta.
S3668 Thymopentin Thymopentin has immuno-regulatory activities. The immuno-regulatory actions of thymopentin on peripheral T cells are mediated by intracellular cyclic GMP elevations in contrast to the intracellular cyclic AMP elevations induced in precursor T cells that trigger their further differentiation to T cells.
S3608 Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), the active component isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., inhibits UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 with immunosuppressive effects.
S3622 Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extracted and purified from liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae). It is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of NF‑κB, TNF‑α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
S3610 Cordycepin Cordycepin is an adenosine analogue, which is readily phosphorylated to its mono-, di-, and triphosphate intracellularly. It has a very potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
S3613 Scoparone Scoparone is a natural organic compound discovered from Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia with anticoagulant, hypolipidemic, vasorelaxant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions.
S3615 Dehydrocostus Lactone Dehydrocostus lactone (DHE), a natural sesquiterpene lactone, inhibits IKKβ activity, IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, coactivators p300 recruitments and p50/p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation, and their DNA binding activity on COX-2 promoter. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties.
S3616 Asiaticoside Asiaticoside, the major active principle of Centella asiatica, prevents ultraviolet A-dependent photoaging by suppressing ultraviolet A-induced reactive oxygen species production. It also decreases DNA binding by MITF.
S3607 Sarsasapogenin Sarsasapogenin (SAR) is a steroidal sapogenin. It can provoke the generation of reactive oxygen species and activate unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. SAR potently inhibits NF-κB and MAPK activation, as well as IRAK1, TAK1, and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
S3606 Fangchinoline Fangchinoline, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is a novel HIV-1 inhibitor with pain-relieving, blood pressure-depressing, and antibiotic activities.
S4757 Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) Dihydrotestosterone is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone and a potent agonist of the androgen receptor with 2-3-fold greater androgen receptor affinity than testosterone and 10-fold higher potency of inducing androgen receptor signaling.
S4752 Corticosterone Corticosterone, the major stress hormone, is an adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid.
S8291 Atractylenolide I Atractylenolide I is the major sesquiterpenoid of the rhizome of A. macrocephala and shows a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, digestion promoting, and antioxidant effects.
S4742 Rebaudioside C Rebaudioside C belongs to the family of Steviol Glycosides. It is a natural constituent of the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and used as natural sweeteners to diabetics and others on carbohydrate-controlled diets.
S4743 Wogonin Wogonin, a natural and biologically-active flavonoid found in plants, is an inhibitor of CDK9 and does not inhibit CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 at doses that inhibit CDK9 activity; Also inhibits N-acetyltransferase.
S4741 Danshensu Danshensu, a herbal preparation used in traditional Chinese medicine, possesses potential antitumor and anti‑angiogenesis effects.
S4739 Oxyresveratrol Oxyresveratrol, a naturally occurring compound particularly found in Morus alba L., exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase which catalyzes rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis.
S4746 (20S)-Protopanaxadiol 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), the main intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, is one of the active ingredients in ginseng.
S4735 Salvianolic acid B Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound, is the most abundant bioactive compound extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.
S8318 Alantolactone Alantolactone, a naturally occurring eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone (SL), could induce activin/SMAD3 signaling and disrupt Cripto-1/activin receptor type II A interaction.
S4707 Oleic Acid Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent.
S4726 Lauric Acid Lauric Acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone. Lauric acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
S4711 Esculetin Esculetin is a coumarin derivative found in various natural plant products with various biological and pharmaceutical properties including anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effects. It inhibits lipoxygenases (LOs).
S4728 3,3'-Diindolylmethane 3,3'-Diindolylmethane(DIM) is a major digestive product of indole-3-carbinol, a potential anticancer component of cruciferous vegetables.
S4708 Palmitoylethanolamide Palmitoylethanolamide(PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and selectively activates PPAR-α in vitro with an EC50 value of 3.1±0.4 μM.
S4690 Escin Escin is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum(the horse chestnut).
S4706 Eugenol Eugenol is a naturally occuring scent chemical found in clove oil and other plants. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of increased Histamine Release, and cell-mediated Immunity.
S4507 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is an endogenous progestogen as well as chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of other steroid hormones, including the corticosteroids and the androgens and the estrogens.
S7594 Abscisic Acid (Dormin） Abscisic Acid is a plant hormone, which is involved in many plant developmental processes, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism, and inhibits germination and seedling growth.
S7582 Anacardic Acid Anacardic Acid is a potent inhibitor of p300 and p300/CBP-associated factor histone acetyltranferases, which also has antibacterial activity, antimicrobial activity, prostaglandin synthase inhibition, and tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition.
S2256 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) 4-Methylumbelliferone is a hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 mM.
S2258 Esculin Esculin is a glucoside found in horse chestnuts.
S2384 Hematoxylin Hematoxylin (Hydroxybrazilin) is a compound that forms strongly colored complexes with certain metal ions, notably Fe(III) and Al(III) salts and a kind of stain in histology.
S3600 Schisandrin B (Sch B) Schisandrin B is the most abundant dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan present in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. It is a kind of ATR and P-gp inhibitor with high safety.
S2392 Sesamin Sesamin, a lignan isolated from the bark of Fagara plants and from sesame oil, exhibits various health benefits.
S2277 Caffeic Acid Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a naturally occurring organic compound.
S2280 Chlorogenic Acid Chlorogenic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a member of a family of naturally occurring organic compounds.
S2300 Ferulic Acid Ferulic Acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a type of organic compound found in the Ferula assafoetida L. or Ligusticum chuanxiong.
S2301 Genistin (Genistoside) Genistin(Genistoside) is an isoflavone found in a number of dietary plants like soy and kudzu.
S2401 Sodium Danshensu Sodium Danshensu is a mono sodium of danshensu, which is a natural phenolic acid of caffeic acid derivatives isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza.
S2321 Magnolol Magnolol is a bioactive lignin found in the bark of the Houpu magnolia (Magnolia officinalis) which shows antifungal properties. It can block TNF-α-induced NF-KB activation.
S2337 Osthole Osthol is an O-methylated coumarin, which is found in the plants such as Cnidium monnieri, Angelica archangelica and Angelica pubescens.
S2341 (-)-Parthenolide (-)-Parthenolide, an inhibitor of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway, specifically depletes HDAC1 protein without affecting other class I/II HDACs; Also promotes the ubiquitination of MDM2 and activates p53 cellular functions.
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S7025 Embelin Embelin, a quinone isolated from the Japanese Ardisia herb, is an inhibitor of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) with IC50 of 4.1 μM in a cell-free assay.
S2252 (+)-Usniacin (+)-Usniacin is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species.
S2285 Cryptotanshinone Cryptotanshinone is a STAT3 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.6 μM in a cell-free assay, strongly inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr705, with a small effect on STAT3 Ser727, but none against STAT1 nor STAT5.
S2364 Tanshinone I Tanshinone I, an active principle isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), is structurally similar to tanshinone IIA and may possess similar cytotoxic effects on tumor cells.
S2365 Tanshinone IIA Tanshinone IIA(Tanshinone B) is the most abundant diterpene quinone in Danshen, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, a widely prescribed traditional herbal medicine that is used to treat cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases; A natural monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor.
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S2291 Diosgenin Diosgenin is a steroid sapogenin and the precursor for the semisynthesis of progesterone which in turn was used in early combined oral contraceptive pills; A weak PDE inhibitor.
S2273 β-Sitosterol β-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol.
S2297 Ergosterol Ergosterol is a sterol and a biological precursor (a provitamin) to vitamin D2.
S2311 Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) Hyodeoxycholic(HDCA) acid is a secondary bile acid, one of the metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria.
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S2290 Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua.
S2302 Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic Acid) Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic Acid) is a direct HMGB1(high mobility group box 1) inhibitor that inhibits HMGB1-dependent inflammatory molecule expression and oxidative stress; modulates P38 and P-JNK but not p-ERK signalling; Also inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (MAO).
S2379 Dioscin Dioscin is a saponin extracted and isolated from Polygonatum Zanlanscianense Pamp, showing antitumor activities.
S2261 Andrographolide Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata.
S2265 Artesunate Artesunate is a part of the artemisinin group of agents with an IC50 of < 5 μM for small cell lung carcinoma cell line H69. It is a potential inhibitor of STAT-3 and exhibits selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells over normal cells in vitro; A potent inhibitor of EXP1.
S2266 Asiatic acid Asiatic acid is the aglycone of asiaticoside isolated from the plant Centella asiatica, commonly used in wound healing.
S2276 Bilobalide Bilobalide is a biologically active terpenic trilactone present in Ginkgo biloba.
S2296 Enoxolone Enoxolone is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative of the beta-amyrin type obtained from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic acid, which was obtained from the herb liquorice.
S2306 Gynostemma Extract Gynostemma Extract is a saponins extract derived from the Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
S2407 Curcumol Curcumol is a pure monomer isolated from Rhizoma Curcumaeis with antitumor activities.
S2319 Limonin Limonin is a triterpenoid enriched in citrus fruits, which has antivirus and antitumor ability.
S2415 Astragaloside A Astragaloside A (Astragaloside IV) is the primary pure saponin isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, which has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
S2334 Oleanolic Acid Oleanolic Acid is a non-toxic, hepatoprotective triterpenoid found in Phytolacca Americana, which exerts antitumor and antiviral properties.
S2335 Oridonin Oridonin, a diterpenoid purified from Rabdosia rubescens, is an antitumor agent.
S3603 Betulinic acid Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Syzigium claviflorum, is a inhibitor of HIV-1 with EC50 of 1.4 μ M. Phase 1/2.
S3604 Triptolide (PG490) Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide, immunosuppresive agent extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It functions as a NF-κB inhibitor with dual actions by disruption of p65/CBP interaction and by reduction of p65 protein.
S2354 Sclareol Sclareol, a labdane-type diterpene isolated from clary sage (Salvia sclarea), exerts growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines.
S2355 Sclareolide Sclareolide(Norambreinolide) is a sesquiterpene lactone natural product derived from various plant sources including Salvia sclarea, Salvia yosgadensis, and cigar tobacco.
S2370 Ursolic Acid Ursolic acid (Malol) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, used in cosmetics.
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S2448 Gambogic Acid Gambogic Acid activates caspases with EC50 of 0.78-1.64 μM and competitively inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50 of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 μM, respectively.
S2372 Xanthone Xanthone is an organic compound, which can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate.
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S2317 L-(+)-Rhamnose Monohydrate L(+)-Rhamnose (Rham) is a naturally-occurring deoxy sugar that is found primarily in plants and some bacteria.
S2352 Salinomycin Salinomycin is an antibacterial and coccidiostat ionophore therapeutic drug.
S2374 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan (INN), is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor for the treatment of depression.
S2260 Amygdalin Amygdalin is a glycoside initially isolated from the seeds of the tree Prunus dulcis, also known as bitter almonds.
S2398 Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q) is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration.
S2324 Sodium Monensin Sodium Monensin, isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is a well-known representative of naturally polyether ionophore antibiotics.
S2353 Sapogenins Glycosides Sapogenins glycosides are a mixture of triterpene and steroid saponins isolated from medicinal plants such as Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hedera helix L. and Ruscus aculeatus L., which are claimed to be effective for the treatment/prevention of venous insufficiency.