Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody [N3H2]

Catalog No.: F0496

Application: Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey

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代表番号: 045-509-1970|電子メール：sales@selleck.co.jp

使用情報

Dilution
WB1:1000 IP1:50

Application
WB, IP

Source
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey

Storage Buffer
PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage (from the date of receipt)
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Predicted MW
51 kDa, 46 kDa

Datasheet & SDS

生物学的記述

Specificity
Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody [N3H2] detects endogenous levels of total GSK-3α protein only when it is phosphorylated at Ser21, and also endogenous levels of total GSK-3β protein only when it is phosphorylated at Ser9.

Clone
N3H2

Synonym(s)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha; GSK-3 alpha; Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3A; GSK3A; Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; GSK-3 beta; Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3B; GSK3B

Background
Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) represents the inactivated form of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a serine/threonine protein kinase family with two isoforms, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, ubiquitously expressed and originally identified for its role in glycogen metabolism regulation. GSK-3 possesses an N-terminal region containing the key regulatory serine residues Ser21 (in GSK-3α) and Ser9 (in GSK-3β), which, when phosphorylated, act as a pseudo-substrate to competitively inhibit access to the primed substrate-binding pocket in the catalytic domain; activation further relies on Tyr279 (GSK-3α) or Tyr216 (GSK-3β) phosphorylation in the activation loop. GSK-3 maintains constitutive activity in unstimulated cells but is primarily inactivated through Ser21/9 phosphorylation by kinases like Akt (activated via the PI3K pathway in response to growth factors, insulin, or stressors), which blocks substrate docking and halts phosphorylation of over 100 targets requiring a priming phosphoresidue four residues C-terminal to the site. This inactivation promotes glycogen synthesis, cell survival, proliferation, and processes like Wnt signaling by preventing GSK-3-mediated degradation of β-catenin, while countering apoptosis, tau hyperphosphorylation (relevant to Alzheimer's), and cyclin D1 turnover. Dephosphorylation at Ser21/9 by phosphatases such as PP1, PP2A, or PP2B reactivates GSK-3, resulting in neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders when dysregulated.

Background

Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) represents the inactivated form of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a serine/threonine protein kinase family with two isoforms, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, ubiquitously expressed and originally identified for its role in glycogen metabolism regulation. GSK-3 possesses an N-terminal region containing the key regulatory serine residues Ser21 (in GSK-3α) and Ser9 (in GSK-3β), which, when phosphorylated, act as a pseudo-substrate to competitively inhibit access to the primed substrate-binding pocket in the catalytic domain; activation further relies on Tyr279 (GSK-3α) or Tyr216 (GSK-3β) phosphorylation in the activation loop. GSK-3 maintains constitutive activity in unstimulated cells but is primarily inactivated through Ser21/9 phosphorylation by kinases like Akt (activated via the PI3K pathway in response to growth factors, insulin, or stressors), which blocks substrate docking and halts phosphorylation of over 100 targets requiring a priming phosphoresidue four residues C-terminal to the site. This inactivation promotes glycogen synthesis, cell survival, proliferation, and processes like Wnt signaling by preventing GSK-3-mediated degradation of β-catenin, while countering apoptosis, tau hyperphosphorylation (relevant to Alzheimer's), and cyclin D1 turnover. Dephosphorylation at Ser21/9 by phosphatases such as PP1, PP2A, or PP2B reactivates GSK-3, resulting in neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders when dysregulated.

References
[1] Fang X, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Oct 24;97(22):11960-5. [2] Beurel E, et al. Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Apr;148:114-31.

PVDFメンブレン孔径参考表

Protein Size (kDa)	PVDF Transfer Membrane Pore Size (μm)
< 10	0.22
10-20	0.22
20-30	0.45
30-45	0.45
45-70	0.45
80-100	0.45
100-140	0.45
> 140	0.45

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Protein Size (kDa)	Separating Gel Percentage
4-40	20%
12-45	15%
10-70	12.5%
15-100	10%
25-100	8%
60-210	5%