オーロラ・キナーゼ

Alisertib inhibits AURKA and AURKB in a concentration-dependent manner. (a) Alisertib induces G 2 /M delay or genome reduplication. HeLa cells were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. The positions of 2N, 4N and 8N DNA contents are indicated. (b) Alisertib delays mitotic exit or induces slippage. HeLa cells stably expressing histone H2B-GFP were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. Individual cells were then tracked for 24 h with time-lapse microscopy. Each horizontal bar represents one cell (n ¼ 50). Key: light gray ¼ interphase; black ¼ mitosis (from DNA condensation to anaphase or mitotic slippage); dark gray ¼ interphase after mitotic slippage; truncated bars ¼ cell death. (c) Different concentrations of Alisertib are involved in delaying mitotic exit and inducing slippage. Live-cell imaging of cells treated with Alisertib was described in panel (b). The duration of mitosis (mean±90% confidence interval) and the percentage of cells that underwent mitotic slippage during the imaging period was quantified. (d) Alisertib promotes apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The cells were then harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. (e) Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of Alisertib. HeLa cells were cultured in the presence of the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The number of live and dead cells was analyzed with trypan blue exclusion assay. (f) Concentration-dependent suppression of long-term survival by Alisertib. HeLa cells were seeded on 60-mm culture plates and grown in the presence of 250 n M or 1 m M of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were washed gently and propagated in normal medium for another 10–12 days. Colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet solution (examples of the plates are shown). Average±s.d. from three independent experiments. (g) Both AURKA and AURKB are inhibited by Alisertib.Mitotic HeLa cells were obtained by exposure to nocodazole for 16 h followed by mechanical shake off. The cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 2 h. Lysates were then prepared and activated phospho-AURKAThr288 and AURKBThr232were detected with immunoblotting. The asterisk indicates the position of an AURKB-like protein (the same throughout this study). Uniform loading was confirmed by immunoblotting for actin. In this assay, nocodazole and MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) were added to prevent the cells from exiting mitosis. Accordingly, the total AURKA and AURKB levels remained constant throughout the experiment. (h) Alisertib prevents activation of AURKA and AURKB. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 8 h. Nocodazole was then added for another 6 h to trap cells that entered mitosis. Lysates were prepared and analyzed with immunoblotting. Actin analysis was included to assess loading and transfer.

Senescence induction upon PKCι depletion combined with aurora kinase inhibition. ( a) MCF7 cells were transfected as above to deplete PKCι . Two days after transfection, cells were treated for the indicated time period with 400 n M VX-680. Medium with VX-680 was then removed and fresh medium was added. Cells were stained for SA-b -gal activity 5 days after the start of transfection.* indicates a P value <0.05. ( b) MCF7 cells were treated as above. Five days after transfection, cells were fixed and assessed for the presence of gH2AX foci by immunofluorescence microscopy. (c, d) MCF7 cells were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control or 400 n M VX-680 for the indicated time periods. Total cell lysates were then analyzed by western blotting for levels of p21 and GAPDH (as loading control). A representative blot is shown in panel c. Quantitation of changes in p21 levels (normalized to vehicle-treated controls) is shown in panel d. The data shown are the means ±s.e. of three independent experiments.

Loss of DUSP4 function upregulates IL-6 and IL-8 and enhances mammosphere growth. Immunoblot analysis of MDA-231 cells after treatment of 24 hours with 1 umol/L selumetinib (MEKi) or 10 umol/L SP600125 (JNKi). I, MDA-231 mammosphere formation quantitated by GelCount software 7 days after siRNA transfection. Where indicated, selumetinib (MEKi) or SP600125 (JNK1) or the combination was added to the mammosphere cultures.

Targeting PI3K, a common downstream effector of RTKs, with a selective inhibitor (GDC0941) sensitizes SOX10 knockdown cells to vemurafenib. shRNAs targeting SOX10 were introduced into A375 cells by lentiviral transduction. pLKO.1 empty vector served as a control vector (Ctrl). Cells were seeded in 6-well plates at the same density in the presence or absence of drug(s) at the indicated concentration. Cells were cultured for 2 weeks in the absence of vemurafenib or 4 weeks in the presence of vemurafenib before fixing and staining.

p31comet depletion delays MCC disassembly even with the proteasome inhibited. (A) FACS analysis of HeLa Tet-on cells transfected with control or p31comet siRNA and then treated with Taxol followed by Aurora B inhibition with ZM447439. The percentage of mitotic cells (cells that have 4N DNA content and are MPM2 positive) is shown for each sample.

Stacked column graphic representing  the effect of the small molecule MLN8054 throughout oocyte developmental progress, namely during metaphase I, telophase I and metaphase II oocytes in different conditions.

Mice bearing subcutaneous allografts of conditional patched mutant tumor cells were treated twice weekly with vehicle (saline) or 30 mg/kg PHA-739358. (B)Images of tumors. (C) Tumor weights. Each point represents a single tumor, and grey lines represent mean tumor weights, which were significantly different between vehicle and PHA-739358 treated mice (p < 0.05, based on paired two-tailed t-test).

HEL cells were treated with 0.5, 1 or 5 uM of AT9283 or left untreated for 3 hrs. The expression and phosphorylation state of STAT5 (P-STAT5) and Jak2 (P-Jak2) was assessed by Western blot immunodetection.

JNJ-7706621 treatment of tamoxifen-resistant cell lines leads to arrest in the G2 cell cycle phase. M phase cells from the upper right quadrants were quantified relative to total G2/M phase cells. Statistical significant differences from vehicle-treated cells are denoted by asterisks; *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

HeLa cells treated with nocodazole containing DMSO or Hesperadin (100 nM) for 2 h and stained with the indicated antibodies.

 

Aurora-A inhibitors severely impair neuronal migration. Migration of granular neurons after treatment of Aurora-A inhibitors was examined. a, Western blotting analysis of proteins or phosphorylated proteins. Aurora-A and NDEL1 displayed similar expression levels, whereas phosphorylated Aurora-A and NDEL1 proteins were decreased during treatment with Aurora-A inhibitors. Relative intensities of the bands of Western blotting are displayed at the bottom.

Western blot analysis of p-histone and histone. 0-10μM KW2449 was added.

 

Nuclear morphology and cell cycle distribution (green for phases G2/M, and red for phase G1) of NMuMG-Fucci cells exposed to 1 uM SNS-314 for 96 h.

Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of ENMD-2076.

 

Quantification of phT288-AURKA expression as in figure n=3, normalized to total AURKA and plotted as relative intensity units (RIU) +/- S.E.M. Two-way ANOVA, p<0.0001, (shCon/shN1 or shN2), p=0.0013 (shN1/shN2).

MK-5108 specifically inhibits AURKA and delays mitotic exit. (a) MK-5108 inhibits AURKA but not AURKB. Mitotic HeLa cells were obtained by exposure to nocodazole for 16 h followed by mechanical shake off. The cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of MK-5108 for 2 h. Nocodazole and MG132 were included to prevent mitotic exit. Lysates were then prepared and activated phospho-AURKAThr288 and AURKBThr232 were detected with immunoblotting. Uniform loading was confirmed by immunoblotting for actin. (b) MK-5108 prevents activation of AURKA but not AURKB. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of MK-5108 for 8 h. Nocodazole was then added for another 6 h to trap any cells that entered mitosis. Mitotic cells were isolated by mechanical shake off. Lysates were prepared and analyzed with immunoblotting. Actin analysis was included to assess loading and transfer. (c) MK-5108 induces a G 2 /M delay. HeLa cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MK-5108 for 24 h. DNA contents were analyzed with flow cytometry.

Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of CYC116.

 

AURK inhibitors have significant cytotoxic effect on PCa cells. The cytotoxic effects of the AURK inhibitors were measured by MTS assay after 72 h treatment with these inhibitors. The viability fraction was compared to the untreated cells for each cell line. Error bars represent the SEM. C. Relative cell vability of PCa cells treated with AMG 900 at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 μmol/l.

T47D Breast cancer cells were pretreated with p-Aurora, Aurora and then treated with the indicated concentrations of  CCT129202.

 

Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of ENMD-2076.

 

Immunofluorescence of acetylated a-tubulin (red) in control (a), reversin-treated (b), and BI 2536/Reversin mixture-treated embryos (c).The embryos treated with Reversine completed first mitosis, but the nuclei of their blastomeres were fragmented (b, arrows). Embryos inhibited withthe BI 2536/Reversine mixture arrested before the onset of anaphase. Microtubules of the spindle are disorganized (c, double-arrow) and thechromosomes are misaligned (c, arrows) in these inhibited embryos. DNA is counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 10 μm.

Alisertib inhibits AURKA and AURKB in a concentration-dependent manner. (a) Alisertib induces G 2 /M delay or genome reduplication. HeLa cells were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. The positions of 2N, 4N and 8N DNA contents are indicated. (b) Alisertib delays mitotic exit or induces slippage. HeLa cells stably expressing histone H2B-GFP were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. Individual cells were then tracked for 24 h with time-lapse microscopy. Each horizontal bar represents one cell (n ¼ 50). Key: light gray ¼ interphase; black ¼ mitosis (from DNA condensation to anaphase or mitotic slippage); dark gray ¼ interphase after mitotic slippage; truncated bars ¼ cell death. (c) Different concentrations of Alisertib are involved in delaying mitotic exit and inducing slippage. Live-cell imaging of cells treated with Alisertib was described in panel (b). The duration of mitosis (mean±90% confidence interval) and the percentage of cells that underwent mitotic slippage during the imaging period was quantified. (d) Alisertib promotes apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The cells were then harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. (e) Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of Alisertib. HeLa cells were cultured in the presence of the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The number of live and dead cells was analyzed with trypan blue exclusion assay. (f) Concentration-dependent suppression of long-term survival by Alisertib. HeLa cells were seeded on 60-mm culture plates and grown in the presence of 250 n M or 1 m M of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were washed gently and propagated in normal medium for another 10–12 days. Colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet solution (examples of the plates are shown). Average±s.d. from three independent experiments. (g) Both AURKA and AURKB are inhibited by Alisertib.Mitotic HeLa cells were obtained by exposure to nocodazole for 16 h followed by mechanical shake off. The cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 2 h. Lysates were then prepared and activated phospho-AURKAThr288 and AURKBThr232were detected with immunoblotting. The asterisk indicates the position of an AURKB-like protein (the same throughout this study). Uniform loading was confirmed by immunoblotting for actin. In this assay, nocodazole and MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) were added to prevent the cells from exiting mitosis. Accordingly, the total AURKA and AURKB levels remained constant throughout the experiment. (h) Alisertib prevents activation of AURKA and AURKB. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 8 h. Nocodazole was then added for another 6 h to trap cells that entered mitosis. Lysates were prepared and analyzed with immunoblotting. Actin analysis was included to assess loading and transfer.

Senescence induction upon PKCι depletion combined with aurora kinase inhibition. ( a) MCF7 cells were transfected as above to deplete PKCι . Two days after transfection, cells were treated for the indicated time period with 400 n M VX-680. Medium with VX-680 was then removed and fresh medium was added. Cells were stained for SA-b -gal activity 5 days after the start of transfection.* indicates a P value <0.05. ( b) MCF7 cells were treated as above. Five days after transfection, cells were fixed and assessed for the presence of gH2AX foci by immunofluorescence microscopy. (c, d) MCF7 cells were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control or 400 n M VX-680 for the indicated time periods. Total cell lysates were then analyzed by western blotting for levels of p21 and GAPDH (as loading control). A representative blot is shown in panel c. Quantitation of changes in p21 levels (normalized to vehicle-treated controls) is shown in panel d. The data shown are the means ±s.e. of three independent experiments.

Loss of DUSP4 function upregulates IL-6 and IL-8 and enhances mammosphere growth. Immunoblot analysis of MDA-231 cells after treatment of 24 hours with 1 umol/L selumetinib (MEKi) or 10 umol/L SP600125 (JNKi). I, MDA-231 mammosphere formation quantitated by GelCount software 7 days after siRNA transfection. Where indicated, selumetinib (MEKi) or SP600125 (JNK1) or the combination was added to the mammosphere cultures.

Targeting PI3K, a common downstream effector of RTKs, with a selective inhibitor (GDC0941) sensitizes SOX10 knockdown cells to vemurafenib. shRNAs targeting SOX10 were introduced into A375 cells by lentiviral transduction. pLKO.1 empty vector served as a control vector (Ctrl). Cells were seeded in 6-well plates at the same density in the presence or absence of drug(s) at the indicated concentration. Cells were cultured for 2 weeks in the absence of vemurafenib or 4 weeks in the presence of vemurafenib before fixing and staining.

p31comet depletion delays MCC disassembly even with the proteasome inhibited. (A) FACS analysis of HeLa Tet-on cells transfected with control or p31comet siRNA and then treated with Taxol followed by Aurora B inhibition with ZM447439. The percentage of mitotic cells (cells that have 4N DNA content and are MPM2 positive) is shown for each sample.

Stacked column graphic representing  the effect of the small molecule MLN8054 throughout oocyte developmental progress, namely during metaphase I, telophase I and metaphase II oocytes in different conditions.

Mice bearing subcutaneous allografts of conditional patched mutant tumor cells were treated twice weekly with vehicle (saline) or 30 mg/kg PHA-739358. (B)Images of tumors. (C) Tumor weights. Each point represents a single tumor, and grey lines represent mean tumor weights, which were significantly different between vehicle and PHA-739358 treated mice (p < 0.05, based on paired two-tailed t-test).

HEL cells were treated with 0.5, 1 or 5 uM of AT9283 or left untreated for 3 hrs. The expression and phosphorylation state of STAT5 (P-STAT5) and Jak2 (P-Jak2) was assessed by Western blot immunodetection.

JNJ-7706621 treatment of tamoxifen-resistant cell lines leads to arrest in the G2 cell cycle phase. M phase cells from the upper right quadrants were quantified relative to total G2/M phase cells. Statistical significant differences from vehicle-treated cells are denoted by asterisks; *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

HeLa cells treated with nocodazole containing DMSO or Hesperadin (100 nM) for 2 h and stained with the indicated antibodies.

 

Aurora-A inhibitors severely impair neuronal migration. Migration of granular neurons after treatment of Aurora-A inhibitors was examined. a, Western blotting analysis of proteins or phosphorylated proteins. Aurora-A and NDEL1 displayed similar expression levels, whereas phosphorylated Aurora-A and NDEL1 proteins were decreased during treatment with Aurora-A inhibitors. Relative intensities of the bands of Western blotting are displayed at the bottom.

Western blot analysis of p-histone and histone. 0-10μM KW2449 was added.

 

Nuclear morphology and cell cycle distribution (green for phases G2/M, and red for phase G1) of NMuMG-Fucci cells exposed to 1 uM SNS-314 for 96 h.

Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of ENMD-2076.

 

Quantification of phT288-AURKA expression as in figure n=3, normalized to total AURKA and plotted as relative intensity units (RIU) +/- S.E.M. Two-way ANOVA, p<0.0001, (shCon/shN1 or shN2), p=0.0013 (shN1/shN2).

MK-5108 specifically inhibits AURKA and delays mitotic exit. (a) MK-5108 inhibits AURKA but not AURKB. Mitotic HeLa cells were obtained by exposure to nocodazole for 16 h followed by mechanical shake off. The cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of MK-5108 for 2 h. Nocodazole and MG132 were included to prevent mitotic exit. Lysates were then prepared and activated phospho-AURKAThr288 and AURKBThr232 were detected with immunoblotting. Uniform loading was confirmed by immunoblotting for actin. (b) MK-5108 prevents activation of AURKA but not AURKB. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of MK-5108 for 8 h. Nocodazole was then added for another 6 h to trap any cells that entered mitosis. Mitotic cells were isolated by mechanical shake off. Lysates were prepared and analyzed with immunoblotting. Actin analysis was included to assess loading and transfer. (c) MK-5108 induces a G 2 /M delay. HeLa cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MK-5108 for 24 h. DNA contents were analyzed with flow cytometry.

Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of CYC116.

 

AURK inhibitors have significant cytotoxic effect on PCa cells. The cytotoxic effects of the AURK inhibitors were measured by MTS assay after 72 h treatment with these inhibitors. The viability fraction was compared to the untreated cells for each cell line. Error bars represent the SEM. C. Relative cell vability of PCa cells treated with AMG 900 at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 μmol/l.

T47D Breast cancer cells were pretreated with p-Aurora, Aurora and then treated with the indicated concentrations of  CCT129202.

 

Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of ENMD-2076.

 

Immunofluorescence of acetylated a-tubulin (red) in control (a), reversin-treated (b), and BI 2536/Reversin mixture-treated embryos (c).The embryos treated with Reversine completed first mitosis, but the nuclei of their blastomeres were fragmented (b, arrows). Embryos inhibited withthe BI 2536/Reversine mixture arrested before the onset of anaphase. Microtubules of the spindle are disorganized (c, double-arrow) and thechromosomes are misaligned (c, arrows) in these inhibited embryos. DNA is counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 10 μm.