Cisplatin

Cisplatin induces cytotoxic by interaction with DNA to form DNA adducts which activate several signal transduction pathways, including Erk, p53, p73, and MAPK, which culminates in the activation of apoptosis. ^[1]

Cisplatin (30 μM) treated for 6 h induces an apparent activation of Erk in HeLa cells, which is sustained over the following 14 h period. Cisplatin also shows an effective antineoplastic activity by inducing tumor cells death^[2].

Cisplatin displays ability to cause renal proximal tubular cell (RPTC) apoptosis, causing cell shrinkage, a 50-fold increase in caspase 3 activity, a 4-fold increase in phosphatidylserine externalization, and 5- and 15-fold increases in chromatin condensation and DNA hypoploidy, respectively. ^[4]

Cisplatin (800 μM) causes typical features of necrosis of RPTC after treatment for 4 hr. ^[5]

L1210/0 cells are maintained in an exponential suspension culture at 37 ℃ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂ in McCoy's medium 5a (modified), supplemented with 15% calfserum, and Fungizone. L1210/0 cells are incubated in Cisplatin (7 μg/mL) for 2 hr at 37 ℃. To measure growth inhibition, the cells are centrifuged, washed once, resuspended in fresh medium at 30 × 10³ to 50 × 10³ cells/mL, and incubated for 3 days. Cell numbers are determined on a Coulter Counter. An aliquot of cells is diluted with an equal volume of 0.4% trypan blue. Viability is recorded as the percentage of cells that has excluded trypan blue. Cells incubated with Cisplatin as above are also diluted into 0.1% agar and allowed to grow for 2 weeks when colonies are counted.

Cisplatin has been demonstrated to be efficient in regression tumor growth in a wide variety of animal tumors models, including head and neck cancer xenografts, cervical squamous carcinoma xenografts, testicular carcinoma xenografts, ovarian cancer xenografts, breast carcinoma xenografts, colonic carcinoma, heterotransplanted hepatoblastoma, and so on. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg) given weekly i.v. at the day 1 and 7 induces a tumor growth inhibition (GI) of 77.5% and 85.1% of the serous xenografts Ov.Ri(C) and OVCAR-3, respectively. ^[6]